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MENSTRUAL CYCLE:

MENSTRUAL CYCLE:. BEGINS AT PUBERTY AND CONTINUES TO ABOUT LATE-40’S. Has 4 Phases : FOLLICULAR, OVULATION, LUTEAL, MENSTRUATION. FOLLICULAR PHASE:.

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE:

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  1. MENSTRUAL CYCLE: BEGINS AT PUBERTY AND CONTINUES TO ABOUT LATE-40’S. Has 4 Phases: FOLLICULAR, OVULATION, LUTEAL, MENSTRUATION

  2. FOLLICULAR PHASE: -Low estrogen levels cause the PITUITARY GLAND to secrete FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) AND LSH (Leutenizing Stimulating Hormone) ** Egg DEVELOPS & MATURES in this stage (~ 10 DAYS)

  3. OVULATION: * Shortest phase * Occurs midway through cycle - Lasts 3-4 days *Follicle ruptures & a mature egg is released into one of the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

  4. LUTEAL PHASE: * Begins after egg is released & lasts about 10-14 days. * Formation of the CORPUSLUTEUM (increases levels of ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE) * Uterine lining thickens *Fertilization of egg GREATEST

  5. MENSTRUATION PHASE: * If not fertilized, egg passes through uterus w/in2-3 daysfrom ovulation * Corpus Luteum disintegrates *Estrogen levels drop, uterine linig detaches and along w/blood and the unfertilized egg is discharged through the vagina.

  6. * Average period of menstruation lasts 3-7 DAYS * New cycle begins w/first day of menstruation * Continues in females until ~AGE 50 when follicles mature, rupture or disintegrate causing MENOPAUSE

  7. 4 PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

  8. Fertilization: Sperm egg

  9. WHAT IS FERTILIZATION? * Process of a single sperm joining an egg usually while in the FALLOPIAN TUBE. *Fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE and has 46 CHROMOSOMES.

  10. FRATERNAL 2 separate eggs fertilized by 2 separate sperm. Boys, girls or one of each. TWINS

  11. IDENTICAL 1 egg fertilized by 1 sperm Splits after fertilization. Same sex. TWINS

  12. FETAL DEVELOPMENT * zygoteundergoesmitosis * after 4 weeks zygote is called an EMBRYO

  13. * AMNIOTIC SACcushions and protects the developing embryo. * PLACENTA- the connection between mother & embryo in which it receives its supply of nutrients & oxygen.

  14. * END OF 8 WEEKSEMBRYO CALLEDFETUS,umbilical cord begins to form. * 9th monthbaby iscalled“Full Term”.

  15. Full term baby is typically delivered vaginally. Sometimes baby is deliveredbyCaesarian (C-section).

  16. DISORDERS Ectopic pregnancy-fertilized egg implants itself in fallopian tube, outside the uterus.

  17. Cervical cancer- can be detectedthrough aPAP SMEAR TEST. Aids:caused by HIV, transmitted through body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, blood)- no cure.

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