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Chapter 5 Tissues

Chapter 5 Tissues. How is it all Connected?. Cells = basic unit of life Cells come together to form TISSUES TISSUES come together to form ORGANS ORGANS come together to form SYSTEMS SYSTEMS come together to form US. So what is a TISSUE?.

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Chapter 5 Tissues

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  1. Chapter 5 Tissues

  2. How is it all Connected? • Cells = basic unit of life • Cells come together to form TISSUES • TISSUES come together to form ORGANS • ORGANS come together to form SYSTEMS • SYSTEMS come together to form US.

  3. So what is a TISSUE? • “Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a COMMON function.” • Tissues are distinguished from each other because of differences in size, organization, and function • Can you think of anything that would be considered a TISSUE?

  4. BLOOD

  5. MUSCULE TISSUE

  6. SMOOTH TISSUE

  7. SMOOTH TISSUE

  8. BONE

  9. CARTILAGE

  10. NERVOUS TISSUE

  11. 4 TYPES OF TISSUES • Epithelial Tissues: • Covers the body’s surface and organs. • Connective Tissues: • Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, blood, fat, bone • Muscle Tissues: • Skeletal Muscles, heart, smooth muscle • Nervous Tissues: • Brain, spinal cord, nerves

  12. EPITHELIAL TISSUES • So if Epithelial tissues are on the body surface and surround the organs, then what do you think this type of tissue’s function is? • Protection: Example? • Secretion: Example? • Absorption: Example? • Excretion: Example?

  13. EPITHELIAL TISSUES • Where are they located? • Surface of the body • Cover the internal organs • Compose the glands • Distinguishing Characteristics? • No blood vessels. Why do you think? • Cells divide rapidly. Why is this good? • Cells are tightly packed. How does this help us?

  14. EPITHELIAL TISSUES • Epithelial Tissues are classified by the shape of their cells. • There are 3 different epithelial tissue cell types • 1. Squamous: flattened cells • 2. Cuboidal: Cube-like cells • 3. Columnar: Elongated

  15. EPITHELIAL TISSUES • The arrangement of these cells varies. • There are two different ways to arrange Epithelial Tissues • 1.Simple: one layer of cells. • 2. Stratified: two or more layers of cells.

  16. Types of Epithelial Tissues • There are eight different types of Epithelial tissues. • When you refer to one type of Epithelial tissue you call it an Epithelium (this is the singular spelling). • Example: Simple Squamous Epithelium • What can you tell me about the name above based on what you just learned?

  17. Connective Tissues • **Comprise much of the body • **The most abundant type of tissue by weight. • 1. bind structures • 2. provide support and protection • 3. serve as a framework • 4. fill spaces • 5. store fat • 6. produce blood cells • 7. protect against infection • 8. help repair tissue damage.

  18. Major Connective Tissue Cell TYPES • 1. Fixed cells: reside in the tissue for extended period of time • Example: fibroblast = large star shaped p.152 • 2. Wandering Cells: appear in tissues temporarily in response to injury or infection. • Example: Mast cells = release histamine that dialates capillaries = swelling and redness.

  19. Categories of Connective Tissue • 1. Loose Connective Tissue: binds the skin to the muscle tissue below

  20. 2. Adipose Tissue: = fat • These cells accumulate fat, they enlarge and their nuclei is pushed to one side • When they become too abundant they crowd out other cell types and form “adipose tissue” • Found: between muscles, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, surface of the heart, and around joints.

  21. Adipose tissue

  22. 3. Reticular connective tissue: provides the framework for some internal organs (spleen, liver, lymphatic organs. • They have collagen • fibers

  23. 4. Dense Connective Tissue: tendons and ligaments • Very strong and can withstand pulling forces. • Binds body parts together • Has poor blood supply and is very slow to heal. • This is why sprains, damage to tissue around joints, takes considerable time to heal.

  24. Dense Connective Tissue • P.158

  25. 5. Elastic Connective Tissue: found in the attachments between bones of the spinal column. • Very rare in the body but are found in large arteries such as the aorta. • http://www.austincc.edu/histologyhelp/tissues/tn_elas_ct.html

  26. 6. Cartilage: rigid, provides support, framework, attachments, provides a structural model for many developing bones. • Contains a large volume of water • Lacks a direct blood supply, blood vessels surround it, obtain nutrients by diffusion • This is why torn cartilage heals so slowly

  27. 3 types of cartilage • 1. Hyaline: most common, tips of bones at joints, soft part of the nose, supporting rings of the trachea. Prominent in early development. • 2. Elastic: more flexible, ears and larynx • 3. Fibrocartilage: very tough, shock absorber, intervertebral discs, knees and pelvis.

  28. 7. Bone: • Most rigid connective tissue • Internally supports body structures • Very active tissue • Heals much more rapidly than injured cartilage because of close access to a blood supply

  29. 8. Blood • Cells suspended in fluid called PLASMA • 1. Red blood cells: transport gases • 2. White blood cells: fight infection • 3. Platelets: cause blood clotting • Where do blood cells form?

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