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Growing Up: Toddlerhood & Preschool Years

Explore the slow and steady growth, motor skills development, language acquisition, and milestones of toddlers aged 1-3 years. Discover the physical changes in height, weight, teeth, bone, sensory, and vital signs during this stage. Delve into the cognitive, psychosocial, and moral development, nutrition needs, sleep patterns, play behaviors, common accidents, and leading causes of death. Transition into the preschool age of 3-6 years with focus on height, weight, body proportions, muscle, teeth, sensory, vital signs, motor skills, sexual development, and psychosocial initiatives.

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Growing Up: Toddlerhood & Preschool Years

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  1. Life Span Lecture 4 Chapter 7-8 Toddlerhood & Preschool

  2. Toddlerhood • 1-3 years • Growth • Slow & Steady • Areas of focus • Gross & fine motor skills • Language • Autonomy

  3. Height & Weight • Height • @3 inch / year • Weight • @5 pounds / year

  4. Body proportions • Extremities grow faster than trunk • 2 yr • Potbelly • Lordosis • 3 yr • Slender • Stronger • Erect posture

  5. How many “deciduous” teeth are there? • 12 • 18 • 20 • 24 • 36

  6. At what point to children have all of their deciduous teeth? • 1 yr • 1 ½ yr • 2 yr • 2 ½ yr • 3 yr

  7. Face & Teeth • Dentist • Fluoride • Brushing • Thumb sucking • Self-limiting

  8. Bone Development • Ossification • Greenstick fx

  9. Sensory Development • 3 yrs • 20/20 vision • Amblyopia • Eye patch the good eye • Eustachian tube

  10. Developmental Milestones • Related to • independent function

  11. Vital Signs • Temp • 98 – 99o F • Pulse • 90 – 120/ min • Resp • 20 – 30 / min • BP • 100/65

  12. Gross motor • Balance 1 foot • Jump • Steps • Run

  13. Fine motor • Self-feeding • Dressing • Rides tricycle • Simple puzzles • Blocks • Copies circles / lines • Turns knobs • Opens lids

  14. A toddler is in what stage according to the psychoanalytical theory model? • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame • Oral stage • Anal stage • Preoperational

  15. What part of toilet training do toddlers learn first? • Bowel control • Bladder control

  16. Toilet training • Help undressing • Accidents • Age • 2 – 3 ½ yrs

  17. A toddler is in what stage according to the psychosocial theory model? • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame • Oral stage • Anal stage • Preoperational

  18. Psychosocial development: Autonomy • Independence • Freedom of choice

  19. Psychosocial development: Discipline • Simple & direct f/b diversion • Consistent • Routine • Frustration  negativistic behavior • “Time out”

  20. Psychosocial development: • Separation anxiety • Warm & affectionate • Comfort items • Sibling rivalry • Regression

  21. A toddler is in what stage according to the Piaget’s cognitive theory model? • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame • Oral stage • Anal stage • Preoperational

  22. Cognitive development • Global perspective • Object permanence • “magical” age • Egocentric view • Time • Couriosity

  23. Moral Development • Parent’s moral code  child's moral code

  24. Communication • Automatic & spontaneous • Understand before they can express • 2 yrs • 2 word sentences • 50 word vocabulary • 3 yrs • 2 word sentences • 1,000 word vocabulary

  25. Nutrition • Est. eating habits • Amounts & Variety • Growth • Protein • Calcium • Iron • Phosphorus • Vitamins • 2-3 yrs • Eating same food as family

  26. Nutrition • Caloric intake • 1,300 cal/day • Pain vs mixed • Ritualistic behavior • Idea meal plan • 3 small meal • 3 nutritious snacks • Routine • Socialization

  27. Sleep and Rest • Nap • Ritual • Nightmares

  28. Play • Mimic • Symbolic play • Parallel play • Toys • Fine and gross motor

  29. What is the leading cause of death in toddlers? • Cancer • Accidents • Bacterial Infection • Viral Infection • SIDS

  30. What is the leading cause of accident death in toddlers? • Drowning • Burns • Motor vehicle • Choking • Poisoning

  31. Preschool • Age • 3-6yrs

  32. Height & Weight • Height • 2-3 inches / year • Weight • 5 pounds / year

  33. Body proportions • Loss subcutaneous and adipose tissue • More adult like

  34. Teeth • Tooth decay • Plaque • Dental visits • Q 6 months

  35. Muscle & Bone Development • Long bones lose red marrow • Flat bones have red marrow • Skull • Sternum • Pelvis

  36. Sensory Development • Vision • 20/20 • By age 5 • Depth perception • Color • Hearing • Ear infections

  37. Vital Signs • Pulse • 90-100 / minute • Resp • 22-25 / min • BP • 100 / 60

  38. Gross motor • 4 yrs • Walking / running tip toes • Hop & balance one foot • Stairs • Climb & jump • 5 yrs • Coordination increases • Jump rope • Skip • Balance beam • Sports

  39. Fine motor • Self-care • Draw • Scissors • Printing name

  40. Sexual Development • Genital awareness • Masterbation

  41. What stage of development is a preschooler (late childhood) on the psychosocial model? • Oral • Anal • Autonomy vs shame • Initiative vs guilt • Properational

  42. Psychosocial development: Initiative • Explore! • Pretending

  43. Psychosocial development: Discipline • Set limits • Explore feelings

  44. Psychosocial development: • Jealousy

  45. Preschool education • Peer interaction

  46. Cognitive development • Centration • Lack reversibility • Share • Creative • Egocentric • Magical • Increased attention span

  47. Which of the following developed a moral development theory and staging? • Freud • Erikson • Piaget • Kohlberg • Pope

  48. What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development model? • Preconventional • Trust vs mistrust • Oral • Anal • Sensorimotor

  49. What is the term Freud used for a “Conscience” • Id • Ego • Superego

  50. Communication • 4 yrs • 4 word sentences • Who, what, where • Nouns, verbs & adjectives • 5 yrs • 5+ word sentences • 2,000+ word vocabulary

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