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2.1: Classifying Matter

2.1: Classifying Matter. What is a pure substance?. Matter that always has exactly the same composition. Examples: Table Salt and Table Sugar. Substances. Have a fixed, uniform composition Every sample has the same properties Classify substances into two categories:

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2.1: Classifying Matter

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  1. 2.1: Classifying Matter

  2. What is a pure substance? • Matter that always has exactly the same composition. • Examples: Table Salt and Table Sugar

  3. Substances • Have a fixed, uniform composition • Every sample has the same properties • Classify substances into two categories: • Elements • Compounds

  4. Elements • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. • Have a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom. • No two elements contain the same type of atom. • Chemists use symbols of one or two letters to represent elements. The first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is not capitalized. • Examples: • C, Al, Au, O, Ne, H, He

  5. Compounds • Always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion • A compound is a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances. • Once elements combine in a compound, their properties change. • Example: Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen and hydrogen are gases at room temperature, but water is a liquid.

  6. Mixtures • Properties of a mixture can vary because the composition is not fixed. • Individual substances of the mixture retain some of their individual properties. • Example: Salsa, you mix ingredients together but you can still taste each individual ingredient • Two types of mixtures: • Heterogeneous • Homogeneous • Classified by how well the parts of the mixture are distributed throughout the mixture.

  7. Heterogeneous Mixture • The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another

  8. Homogeneous Mixture • Substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance from another.

  9. Classifications of Mixtures • Solution • Suspension • Colloid • Classified based on the size of its largest particles • The size of the particles in a mixture has an effect on the properties of the mixture.

  10. Solution • When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a solution. • Ex: Windshield wiper fluid • 2 Parts: • Solute and Solvent

  11. Suspension • A suspensionis a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time. • Ex: Muddy water

  12. Colloid A colloidcontains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. • Like solutions, colloids do not separate into layers. • You cannot use a filter to separate the parts of a colloid. • Ex: Milk

  13. Review • Classifying Matter Graphic Organizer

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