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Naming Acids and Bases

Naming Acids and Bases. Acids are…. Compounds that give off hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water (the Arrhenius definition) Generally start with H. There will always be some Hydrogen next to an anion. The anion determines the name.

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Naming Acids and Bases

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  1. Naming Acids and Bases

  2. Acids are… • Compounds that give off hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water (the Arrhenius definition) • Generally start with H. • There will always be some Hydrogen next to an anion. • The anion determines the name.

  3. Rules for Naming acids: Name it as a normal compound first • If the anion attached to hydrogen ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic acid • HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion = hydrochloric acid • H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion = hydrosulfuric acid

  4. Naming Acids • If the anion has oxygen in it, then it ends in -ate or -ite • change the suffix -ate to -ic acid (use no prefix) • Example: HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions = Nitric acid • change the suffix -ite to -ous acid (use no prefix) • Example: HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions = Nitrous acid

  5. Naming Acids Normal ending ____-ide ____-ate ____-ite Acid name is… hydro-___-ic acid _____-ic acid _____-ous acid

  6. 2 additional rules • If the acid has 1 more oxygen than the –ic acid, add the prefix per- • HClO3(Hydrogen Chlorate)is chloric acid • HClO4 would be perchloric acid • If there is 1 less oxygen than the -ous acid, add the prefix hypo- • HClO2 (Hydrogen Chlorite) is chlorous acid, then HClO would be hypochlorous acid

  7. Practice by naming these: • HF • H3P • H2SO4 • H2SO3 • HCN • H2CrO4

  8. Naming Bases • Bases tend to end with hydroxide (OH-) • Bases are named the same way as ionic compounds: • The name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion (which will be hydroxide). • NaOH is sodium hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 is calcium hydroxide

  9. Writing Formulas – Acid • Hydrogen will be listed first • The name will tell you the anion • Be sure the charges cancel out. • Starts with prefix hydro? -ide ending for anion • no prefix hydro? • -ate anion comes from –ic ending • -ite anion comes from –ous ending

  10. Write formulas for these: • hydroiodic acid • acetic acid • carbonic acid • phosphorous acid • hydrobromic acid

  11. Writing Formulas- Bases • To write the formula: • Write the symbol for the metal cation • followed by the formula for the hydroxide ion (OH1-) • then use the criss-cross method to balance the charges.

  12. Practice by writing the formula for the following: • Magnesium hydroxide • Iron (III) hydroxide • Zinc hydroxide

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