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Understanding the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: Stages of Division and Mitosis

The eukaryotic cell cycle is a complex series of phases through which somatic cells divide to create new cells. This process, essential for tissue growth and repair, involves three main stages: Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis. During Interphase, cells prepare for division: DNA and organelles replicate in G1, S, and G2 phases. Mitosis follows, where the nucleus divides into two, comprising Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase stages. Finally, Cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm and forming two new daughter cells. Understanding this cycle is crucial, especially in contexts like cancer, where cell division becomes unregulated.

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Understanding the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: Stages of Division and Mitosis

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  1. The Cell Cycle5A How eukaryotic cells divide to make new cells

  2. Just like people have phases of development,

  3. Cells have phases too.

  4. In somatic (body) cells, a parent cell produces 2 daughter cells.The purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair of tissue.

  5. Three Phases or Stages Interphase M (Mitosis) phase Cytokinesis

  6. Interphase

  7. Interphase • DNA and organelles replicate • Cell spends most of its life in this stage

  8. Stages of Interphase G1 (growth) S (synthesis) G2 (growth)

  9. G1 (growth) • Aka First Gap • The cell grow larger • Makes proteins and organelles

  10. S (synthesis) • DNA replication occurs - genetic material is duplicated so each daughter cell contains the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell • Chromosomes duplicate to form sister chromatids

  11. G2 (growth) • Aka Second Gap • More growth & protein synthesis occurs • preparing for cell division

  12. M phase • Aka Mitosis • Shortest of all phases • Division of the nucleus

  13. Mitosis • Nucleus divides • Duplicated DNA is divided into two new nuclei

  14. Mitosis Animation

  15. Stages of Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

  16. Prophase

  17. Prophase • Nuclear membrane breaks down • Genetic material (chromosomes) enlarges, thickens &condenses • In the cytoplasm, Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of poles • Microtubules attach to centrioles

  18. Prophase

  19. Metaphase

  20. Metaphase • Duplicated chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell • Spindles attach to chromosomes at the centromere & pull the sister chromatids into a line in the center of the cell

  21. Metaphase

  22. Anaphase

  23. Anaphase • Shortest phase • As the spindle contracts, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  24. Anaphase

  25. Telophase

  26. Telophase • New nuclear membranes form to separate the genetic material • Chromosomes shrink • Spindle breaks apart

  27. Telophase

  28. Mitosis

  29. Cytokinesis

  30. Cytokinesis • Occurs AFTER telophase and BEFORE interphase • Cytoplasm divides • Forms 2 new cells

  31. Cytokinesis

  32. http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/cellcycle.swf

  33. Identify the stage of the cell cycle…

  34. Identify the stage of the cell cycle…

  35. Identify the stage of the cell cycle…

  36. Identify the stage of the cell cycle…

  37. http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab2_mitosis/index2.html

  38. What happens when cells divide at an uncontrollable rate? CANCER 5D

  39. Cancer Animation

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