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Preparation and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids, including oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes, and oxidative cleavage. Various methods such as using CrO3, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, O3, and H2O2 are discussed for synthesizing carboxylic acids. It also covers hydrolysis of nitriles and the significance of reducing agents in the reactions. Key figures and tables illustrate common names of carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, enhancing the reader's understanding of this fundamental organic chemistry topic.

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Preparation and Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

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  1. Table 15-1, p. 612

  2. Common Names of Carboxylic Acids Table 15.1

  3. Common Names of Dicarboxylic Acids Table 15.1

  4. p. 614

  5. p. 615

  6. Fig. 15-1, p. 616

  7. p. 616

  8. Table 15-2, p. 615

  9. p. 618

  10. p. 618

  11. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Fig. 9-16, p. 338

  12. pKa’s of Substituted Benzoic Acids Lower pKa Higher pKa Fig. 9-16, p. 338

  13. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • Oxidation of 1 alcohols: • a. • b. p. 620

  14. a Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • Oxidation of 1 alcohols: • a. CrO3, H2SO4 • b. K2Cr2O7, H3O+ • Oxidation of 1 alcohols: p. 620

  15. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 2. Oxidation of aldehydes: • a. • b. • Oxidation of 1 alcohols: p. 620

  16. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 2. Oxidation of aldehydes: • a. CrO3, H2SO4 • b. K2Cr2O7, H3O+ • Oxidation of 1 alcohols: p. 620

  17. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 3. Oxidative cleavage • a.of aryl benzenes (sect 9.10): • b.carbon-carbon double bonds : • i. • ii. Methyl, 1° , 2° p. 620

  18. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 3. Oxidative cleavage • a.of aryl benzenes (sect 9.10): KMnO4 • b.carbon-carbon double bonds : • i. • ii. Methyl, 1° , 2° p. 620

  19. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 3. Oxidative cleavage • a.of aryl benzenes (sect 9.10): KMnO4 • b.carbon-carbon double bonds : • i. (sect 8.8) KMnO4 • ii. Methyl, 1° , 2° p. 620

  20. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 3. Oxidative cleavage • a.of aryl benzenes (sect 9.10): KMnO4 • b.carbon-carbon double bonds : • i. (sect 8.8) KMnO4 • ii. O3, H2O2 Methyl, 1° , 2° p. 620

  21. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : Review • 3. Oxidative cleavage • a.of aryl benzenes (sect 9.10): KMnO4 • b.carbon-carbon double bonds : • i. (sect 8.8) KMnO4 • ii. O3, H2O2 Methyl, 1° , 2° p. 620

  22. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : • Oxidative Cleavage: • a. O3, H2O2 • 2. Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: • a. Examples • b. Mechanism • c. Limitations p. 620

  23. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids : • 3. Hydrolysis of Nitriles • Examples • Limitations • Mechanisms • Acid catalyzed • Base catalyzed p. 620

  24. Preparation of Nitriles • From Alkyl Halides • 2. From Amides p. 620

  25. Reactions of Nitriles with Reducing Agents • Lithium Aluminum Hydride • 2. Grignard Reagents p. 620

  26. Fig. 15-4, p. 627

  27. p. 628

  28. Fig. 15-5, p. 628

  29. End

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