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ROCKS MINERALS

MINERALS5 Characteristics:Occurs naturallyInorganic (does not come from materials that were once part of a living thing.)Solid Crystal structureDefinite Chemical Composition. Identifying Minerals. Properties of identifying minerals:Hardness (we use the Mohs hardness scale1-10).Color Str

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ROCKS MINERALS

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    1. ROCKS & MINERALS

    2. MINERALS 5 Characteristics: Occurs naturally Inorganic (does not come from materials that were once part of a living thing.) Solid Crystal structure Definite Chemical Composition

    3. Identifying Minerals Properties of identifying minerals: Hardness (we use the Mohs hardness scale1-10). Color Streak (the color of its powder) Luster (how the mineral reflects light) Density Crystal Systems (cubic, hexagonal, etc.) Cleavage (how easily the mineral splits along flat surfaces) Fracture (how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way) Special Properties (fluorescence, magnetic, radioactive, electrical) Properties of Minerals Video

    4. How do Minerals Form? 3 ways: Magma Hot Water Solutions Evaporation Crystallization video

    6. Uses of Minerals Minerals are a source of: Metals Gemstones Other materials (ie fluoritealuminum & steel, quartzmakes glass & used in electronic equipment, gypsumused to make wallboard, cement, & stucco.)

    7. Gemstones hard, colorful minerals that has a brilliant or glassy luster. Find your birthstone below!!

    8. Ore A rock that contains a metal or economically useful mineral. Prospecting A prospector is anyone who searches, or prospects, for an ore deposit.

    9. Types of Mines Strip mines earthmoving equipment scrapes away soil to expose ore. Open pit mines giant earthmoving equipment digs a tremendous pit. Shaft mines tunnels extend deep into the ground for miners to dig ore deposits from veins.

    10. Smelting The process by which ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements. **see overhead picture

    11. How to classify rocks Geologists observe the rocks: Color Texture Mineral Composition

    12. Texture: The way the rock looks and feels. (ie--smooth, glassy, rough, or chalky) Grains-a particle of a mineral or other rock that gives rock its texture.

    13. To describe a rocks texture Geologists use terms such as: Size: course-grained or fine-grained Shape: fine sand, small seeds, or exploding stars Pattern: flat-like, wavy, or swirling patterns No visible Grain: no crystal grains

    14. 3 major groups of rock Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

    15. Igneous Rock Forms from the cooling of molten rock either magma below the surface or lava at the surface. Igneous Rocks are classified according to origin, texture & mineral composition.

    16. Igneous Rocks Con.t Origin Extrusive rock: formed from lava that erupted onto Earths surface. Basalt is the most common extrusive rock. Intrusive rock: formed when magma hardened beneath Earths surface. Granite is the most abundant intrusive rock.

    17. Igneous Rocks Con.t Texture Fine-grained rapid cooling lava w/ small crystals. (ex. Rhyolite) Coarse-grained slow cooling magma w/ large crystals. (ex. Granite, pegmatite, etc.) Glassy volcanic glass (ex. Obsidian) Porphyritica rock with large crystals scattered on a background of much smaller crystals.

    18. Igneous Rocks Con.t Mineral Composition Basalt = contains feldspar, NOT quartz Granite = reddish feldspar (speckled pink) Granite = hornblende & dark mica (light grey with dark specks)

    19. Igneous Rocks Con.t Uses of Igneous Rocks: Obsidian sharp tools & scraping Granite building material (buildings, bridges, paving streets, etc.) & statues Pumice cleaning & polishing Basalt crushed to make gravel that is used in construction. Igneous Rock Video

    20. Sedimentary Rock Forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Sedimentary Rock Formation

    21. Sedimentary Rock Cont. Types of sedimentary rocks:

    22. Sedimentary Rock Cont. Uses of sedimentary rocks: Sandstone & limestonebuilding materials The White House is built of sandstone. Limestone is used in making cement. Sedimentary Rock Video

    23. Metamorphic Rock Forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Most MR forms underground. *Heat & pressure mostly causes the changes in the rock. Meta=change Morphosis=form

    24. Metamorphic Rock Cont. High temperatures & pressure change the size, & shape of grains in the rock. Geologists look at the arrangement of the grains in the rock to classify metamorphic rocks. Foliated- leafgrains are arranged in parallel layers of bands (ex. Slate, schist, and gneiss) Non-foliated- grains in rocks are arranged randomly (ex. Marble, quartzite)

    25. Metamorphic Rock Cont. Shale ? Slate Granite ? Gneiss Sandstone ? Quartzite Uses of Metamorphic Rocks: Marble= buildings & statues Slate= flooring, roofing, outdoor walkways, or chalkboards Metamorphic Rock Video

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