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The World At War

The World At War. The War for North Africa and Europe Ch 17 Sec 2. Ch 17 Sec 2 - Essential Questions. What was the Allies’ overall plan for winning the war? What was the US strategy in Europe and Asia? What were the key events of the war in Europe?

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The World At War

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  1. The World At War The War for North Africa and Europe Ch 17 Sec 2

  2. Ch 17 Sec 2 - Essential Questions • What was the Allies’ overall plan for winning the war? • What was the US strategy in Europe and Asia? • What were the key events of the war in Europe? • How was Europe finally liberated by the Allies?

  3. The US and Britain Join Forces • Winston Churchill met with FDR to map out war plans on Dec 22, 1941 • Germany and Italy were perceived as the greater threat so it was decided to concentrate on Europe first then the Pacific

  4. Axis Gains by 1942 • By 1942 Hitler’s forces held the European continent and pounded England with aerial bombardments while driving deep into Russia and across Northern Africa to attempt to take the Suez Canal in Egypt

  5. Allied Hope • The Situation was bleak in 1942 but the Allies had: • Natural Resources • Skilled Workforce with significant reserves • Ability to produce massive amounts of weapons and ammunitions • Determination of millions of anti-fascists • The capacity of the USSR to endure immense loses

  6. Soviets Halt Nazi Drive • The size of the USSR, resistance from civilians, and the Russian winter all contributed to the first Nazi setback of the war • The Battle of Stalingrad pitted the Red Army vs. the Germans in bitter house to house fighting over a city of rubble • 100,000 Germans surrendered • The USSR lost more troops in the battle than the US lost the whole war • 2nd defeat outside of Kursk, forced Nazi retreat

  7. The North African Front • While Stalingrad was pounded Stalin pressured the US and Britain to open a second front in Europe • The Allies decided on Operation Torch the Allied invasion of North Africa led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower • In Nov. 1942 107,000 mainly US troops landed in Casablanca, Oran and Algiers

  8. Winning North Africa • The US forces attacked from the East, the British forces from the West in an effort to pinch the German Afrika Corps led by General Erwin Rommel “The Desert Fox” • The Afrika Corps surrendered in May 1943, after the Battle of El Alamein

  9. The Casablanca Conference • In January 1943 FDR and Churchill met in Casablanca in French Morocco to agree to accept only an unconditional surrender from the Axis Powers • They also decided after North Africa not to open an second front in France but to attack Italy

  10. The Italian Campaign • Summer of 1943 the Allies captured Sicily • On July 25, 1943 Mussolini was stripped of power, and Hitler flooded Italy with troops • The Allies landed near Anzio outside of Rome • “Bloody Anzio” 25,000 Allied, 30,000 German Causalities • Fighting in Italy raged until early 1945 • Mussolini was killed by Italian citizens

  11. Famous Allied Generals • PattonMontgomery

  12. The Moscow Conference • In October 1943 Sec. of State Cordell Hull, Anthony Eden of Great Britain, and Foreign Minister Molotov of the USSR met in Moscow • They issued The Moscow Declaration that a World Organization for the maintenance of peace would be set-up after the war

  13. The Bombing of Germany • British bombers flew night missions and US B-17’s flew day missions over Germany • Bombing missions over the Rhineland and the Ruhr successfully took out factories • The British began targeting civilian targets as Germany had done • Hamburg was leveled – 60,000 – 100,000 people were killed ( 60 other cities were bombed) Munich, Berlin and Cologne • Dresden- 650,000 incendiary bombs were dropped, 135,000 killed, 8 sq. miles destroyed

  14. The Cairo Conference • In Nov. 1943 FDR and Churchill met in Cairo with Gen. Chaing Kai-shek the political and military leader of China • They promised to make Japan give up all territory it had acquired especially in China

  15. The Teheran Conference • In Nov. 1943 FDR, Churchill and Stalin met for the first time and pledged to work together to win the war but also the peace • Plans for the opening of a second front were discussed

  16. D-Day The Battle for France • Under IKE”s command the US, Britain, and Canada assembled 3 million troops to attack Normandy in Northern France. • The Allies tricked Hitler to think the invasion would come at Calais 150 miles away • Operation Overlord the largest land, sea, and air invasion in history was launched on June 6th 1944 • German resistance was brutal in some spots like Omaha Beach

  17. U.S. PresidentsDwight D. Eisenhower Eisenhower Decides on D-Day

  18. The Allies Gain Control • After 7 days of fighting the Allies held an 80 mile strip of France • Within a month the Allies landed 1million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles • August 1944 Paris was liberated • September 1944 Belgium and Luxembourg were liberated

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