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The World at War

The World at War. WWII: Lesson Two. American Soldiers. Read about Robert Rasmus - pg. 357 More than 16 million Americans served in the military Sent to Europe, Africa, Asia, islands in Pacific Ocean. Immigrants. Millions of soldiers were immigrants

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The World at War

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  1. The World at War WWII: Lesson Two

  2. American Soldiers • Read about Robert Rasmus- pg. 357 • More than 16 million Americans served in the military • Sent to Europe, Africa, Asia, islands in Pacific Ocean

  3. Immigrants • Millions of soldiers were immigrants • Often at least 1 person who spoke German, Italian, French, Russian, Spanish, or Japanese.

  4. Fighting • 1942- Axis Powers were winning • Asia: Japan captured many islands, including the Philippines • Europe: Germany took hundreds of miles in Soviet Union • Allies began to have many victories

  5. War in the Pacific • Japan had taken over most areas in the Pacific. • Battle of Midway • Japan wanted to destroy the rest of American battleships • They decided to attack a small Hawaiian Island: Midway Island • 1942- fleet of Japanese ships moved east in the Pacific Ocean

  6. Getting Ready for Attack • Admiral Chester Nimitz knew Japan was going to attack • Code breakers discovered it would happen at Midway. • They read Japan’s codes and secret messages. • They could tell exactly what the Japanese were planning!

  7. U.S.S Hornet http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/08/world-war-ii-battle-of-midway-and-the-aleutian-campaign/100137/

  8. The Fight • June 3rd- fighter pilots spotted Japanese fleet • Dive bombers destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers and many other planes • After the attack: Japan wasn’t strong enough to capture islands • The United States began to win back territory

  9. Battle in Asia • American General Douglas MacArthur planned to attack Japan using “island hopping” • Island Hopping: capture islands and move inland • Use islands as bases for attack

  10. New Inventions • Medical Advances: • The first antibiotic, Penicillin, helped treat infections • Aviation: • Improvedbombersthat could fly farther • Radar was used to track planes and locate enemy planes • Jets

  11. New Inventions • Secret Codes: • American Navajo Native Americans fought in war • Few people knew language • Used their language to become “code talkers” • Created an unbreakable secret code • There was no written language • Only 30 other people knew the language • They could send messages faster than machines • Germany used a complicated code called Enigma • Britain invented the first computer to break the code.

  12. New Inventions • The first computer was the size of a room. • It helped the Allies know the German military plans. • It probably shortened the war by a year.

  13. New Inventions • Albert Einstein was a famous scientist during the war. • He was Jewish. He escaped Germany. • He told Roosevelt it was possible to build an “extremely powerful bomb of a new type.” • Einstein warned Roosevelt that Germans were probably working on bombs • The government began the Manhattan Project.

  14. Atomic Bomb • Manhattan Project: code name given to building the atomic bomb • Thousands of scientists worked in secret around the country • Philip Morrison worked in Los Alamos, New Mexico. He said: • “We knew the idea was to make the most destructive of all possible bombs. We believed Hitler was well ahead of us.”

  15. War in Europe: Plan of the Allies • Bombing raids on Germany • Land ground troops around the edge of German-controlled lands • STOP THEM UNCONDITIONALLY

  16. War in Europe: Hitler Goes Strong • 1941- Hitler invaded Soviet Union • Fought to get the major cities • Main Goal: capture the city of Stalingrad • 1942- Stalingrad was completely destroyed by guns and bombs • General VasilyChuikov said, “The streets of the city are dead. There is not a single green twig left on the trees.”

  17. Battle of Stalingrad • Soldiers hid behind crumbled stones and bricks • In January 1943, German soldiers were forced to surrender! • It was a major turning point in the war! • The Soviet army started forcing Germany to back off.

  18. Fighting in Africa • Operation Torch • 3 Goals: • Free the Mediterranean Sea from German control • Protect the oil fields in the Middle East • Take some pressure off the USSR

  19. The War Turns • Spring 1944- Soviet Union pushes Germany out • The Allies force Italy to surrender • Allies had to defeat Axis in Western Germany

  20. Preparing for Battle • Dwight D. Eisenhower was in charge of Allies • He chose to invade in Normandy, France • June 5, 1944: 175,000 soldiers and 6,000 ships sailed to Normandy • D-day: scheduled for June 6, 1944

  21. D-Day • Allies reached Normandy beach on morning of June 6. • American, British, and Canadian soldiers jumped from boats and began wading up to land. • They faced deadly blasts from the Germans

  22. D-Day • Many soldiers died • The Allies captured the beaches of Normandy • An American soldier said, “Right here was history in the making. Events taking place that kids will be reading about in future at school.”

  23. The War Goes On • Allies began battling toward Germany • Allies won town after town • December 1944- Germans make one more attack • Battle of the Bulge • Biggest battle fought by the US army • The US had victory • Led by General George S. Patton

  24. Invading Germany • The Allies crossed the border into Germany • The Soviet Union invaded Germany from the east • Hitler killed himself • Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 • May 8: V-E Day “Victory in Europe”

  25. Iwo Jima, Japan • February 1945- United States invades small island of Iwo Jima, Japan • Called the “toughest fighting the Marines had come across in 168 years” • Army moved on to Okinawa, Japan • 50,000 Americans were killed • The US was just 350 miles from the mainland

  26. A Death • April 12, 1945- President Franklin D. Roosevelt suddenly died • Americans mourned • Vice-President Harry S. Truman took office • He said, “I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.”

  27. Big Decision • Truman had to decide if America should use the atomic bomb • He decided they should be used • Might force Japan to surrender • Would save many American lives

  28. Atomic Bomb • August 6, 1945: bombed dropped on city of Hiroshima, Japan • Completely destroyed city • Killed more than 80,000 people • Three days later: bombed dropped on city of Nagasaki, Japan • Killed 60,000 people • Japan surrendered on August 14 • Called “V-J Day”

  29. Europe During the War • Hitler’s Nazi party had a policy of anti- Semitism “hatred of the Jews” • Nazis passed laws on Jews • Not allowed in public places • “Jews Unwelcome” signs were hung • Jewish stores were closed

  30. Nazi Plan • Wanted to destroy the entire Jewish population • Germans captured a country • They arrested all the Jews • Jews were put on trains and sent to concentration camps

  31. Bloody War • WWII was the bloodiest war in world history • 40-50 million people died • Major cities were destroyed

  32. Costs of War • World had to rebuild • World faced a new threat- the atomic bomb

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