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Chapter 1: Sentences

Chapter 1: Sentences. The Tale of Mr. Morton. Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates. A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Every sentence has two basic parts: a subject and a predicate. Complete Subject.

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Chapter 1: Sentences

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  1. Chapter 1: Sentences

  2. The Tale of Mr. Morton

  3. Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates • A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. • Every sentence has two basic parts: a subject and a predicate.

  4. Complete Subject • Includes all the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about. • Ask yourself who or what does something in the sentence.

  5. Example • All of the children in my family despise waking up early in the morning. • What is the complete subject in the sentence above? • All of the children in my family

  6. Complete Predicate • Includes all the words that tell what the subject is or does. • Ask yourself what the subject is or does.

  7. Example • My exasperated, early-rising parents could never understand what made us sleep so late. • What is the complete predicate in the sentence above? • Could never understand what made us sleep so late

  8. Lesson 2: Simple Subjects • Remember: The subject of a sentence is who or what the sentence is about.

  9. Simple Subject • The main word or words in the complete subject (a noun or a pronoun)

  10. Example • Our teacher spent his vacation in Japan. • What is the simple subject in the sentence above? • teacher

  11. Lesson 3: Simple Predicates (verbs) • Remember: The predicate tells what the subject is or does.

  12. Verbs: That’s What’s Happening!

  13. Simple Predicate: • The main word or words in the complete predicate (the whole verb)

  14. Example: • David visited the Far East. • What is the simple predicate, or verb, in the sentence above? • visited

  15. Lesson 4: Verb Phrases • The simple predicate may consist of two or more words.

  16. Verb Phrases • These words are called a verb phrase. • A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and a helping verb.

  17. Example • Ex.: A “smart house” may cook your food for you. • What is the verb phrase in the sentence above? • May cook

  18. Main Verb • can stand by itself as the simple predicate of a sentence.

  19. Examples • Computer networks run smart houses. (action) • The network is the brain of the house. (linking)

  20. Helping Verbs • helps the main verb express action or show time

  21. Examples • Computer networks will run smart houses. • The network has been turning the lights on and off.

  22. Lesson 5: Compound Sentence Parts

  23. Compound Subjects • A subject that includes two or more subjects that share the same verb.

  24. Compound Predicates • A predicate that includes two or more verbs that share the same subject.

  25. Coordinating Conjunctions • A joining word that connects a compound subject or compound predicate, such as and, or , or but.

  26. Conjunction Junction

  27. Sample Sentences • Tishaand Alex bicycled around the city. • Which part is compound in this sentence? • Underline subjects once and verbs twice • The two friends stopped and ate lunch. • Which part is compound in this sentence? • Underline subjects once and verbs twice

  28. Lesson 6: Kinds of Sentences

  29. Declarative Sentences • Purpose: make a statement • Example: Our class traveled to Chicago. • End Mark: period

  30. Exclamatory Sentences • Purpose: express strong feeling (use sparingly) • Example: How huge the museum seemed! • End mark: exclamation mark

  31. Interrogative Sentences • Purpose: ask questions • Example: Did you enjoy our museum trip? • End mark: question mark

  32. Imperative Sentences • Purpose: commands or requests • Examples: • Sit down near me. • Please stay here. • End mark: period, exclamation mark (rarely)

  33. Lesson 7: Subjects in Unusual Order • In most declarative sentences, subjects come before verbs.

  34. Sentence Order • In some kinds of sentences, however, subjects can come before verb parts, follow verbs, or not appear at all.

  35. Questions • Questions: In questions, the subject usually comes after the verb or between parts of the verb phrase.

  36. Questions • Is she ready? • To find the subject, turn the question into a statement: She is ready.

  37. Imperatives (Commands) • Commands: In imperative sentences, the subject is usually you; however, you often does not appear in the sentence because it is implied. • (You) Meet us at the concession stand. • State the subject of commands by placing you in parentheses.

  38. Inverted Sentences • Inverted sentences: In an inverted sentence, thesubject usually comes after the verb. • Up to the plate walked the first batter. • The batter walked up to the plate.

  39. Sentences with Here or There • Sentences beginning with here or there: In some sentences beginning this way, the subject comes after the verb. • Here comes your all-state championship team. • Find the verb and ask the question who or what.

  40. Lesson 8: Complements: Subject Complements • Complement: a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a verb.

  41. Subject Complement • a word or group of words that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject. • A linking verb links the subject with a noun or an adjective that tells more about it. • Butterflies are fragile.

  42. Linking Verbs • Common linking verbs • Am, is, are, was, were, be, been • Other linking verbs • Appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste

  43. Predicate Nouns • Predicate nouns: follow linking verbs and defines or renames the subject. • Monarch butterflies are insects.

  44. Predicate Adjectives • Predicate adjectives: follow linking verbs and describe a quantity of the subject. • Monarchs look beautiful.

  45. Lesson 9:Complements: Objects of Verbs • Action verbs often need complements. These are called direct objects and indirect objects.

  46. Direct Objects • Direct object: a word or group of words that names the receiver of the action of an action verb. • A direct object answers the question whom or what. • Movie producers often borrow real homes.

  47. Indirect Objects • Indirect object: a word or group of words that tells to whom or to what (or for whom or for what) an action is performed. • An indirect object usually comes between the action verb and the direct object. • It is not possible to have an indirect object unless there is a direct object. • We lent the producer our house.

  48. Tips! • Finding direct and indirect objects: • The producer paid us money. • Find the action verb in the sentence. (paid) • To find the direct object, ask Paid what? (money) • To find the indirect object, ask, Paid money to whom or for whom? (us)

  49. Lesson 10: Sentence Problems

  50. Sentence Fragments • A fragment lacks either a subject part or a predicate part and is NOT a complete sentence.

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