world-class research in phenomenology

1. Creating The Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology • world-class research in phenomenology • provide a forum for interaction between UK pp experimentalists and theorists • train young phenomenologists and inform the public PPARC initiative in 1999 to “drive the UK effort to new levels of excellence” The aim

2. Large university based theory group 6 academic staff, 5 PDRA’s, 12 PhD students +University investment 7 new academic staff (£3.6M over 10 years) +Dedicated facilities in new building (£6.4M) +PPARC Research Grant 7 new PDRA’s, 4 support staff, funds for workshops, travel and visitors (£8.0M over 10 years) +Compute farm (£150k) The model

3. IPPP established October 2000 IPPP October 2000 Current IPPP … • 21 research students • 4 support staff • 1 outreach manager • 15 academic staff • 14 research staff • 2 visiting researchers

4. … and what we do Support Research • ‘individual’ exp./th. collaborations • liaison with UK expts and • accelerator institutes • workshops, conferences, ECFA04 • ~5900 participants in 86 events • ~630 publications in 2000-07 • ~14500 citations • strong presence in international conferences, study groups etc • ~230 visitors world-class research provide a service to the UK PP community Training Outreach • PhD, MSc, MSci programmes • 22 PhD’s awarded • Summer Schools, SUSSP61 • YETIs • Dedicated KS2,3,4 programmes • Masterclasses • Ogden Trust Teaching Fellows • Art exhibitions training outreach

5. YETI The YETI aim to gather UK HEP aims to promote interaction between the two halves of the PP community at the early career stage and encourage interest in phenomenology. Meetings are organised by young researchers

6. UK experiments (liaison persons) + Theoretical accelerator work Cockcroft Institute e-Science: Scotgrid Phenogrid CEDAR Summer Schools: with CTEQ, SUSSP, … Outreach: with Sheffield, Boulby ILC: LC-ABD LCUK, LHC/ILC Research +Support UK Forward Physics Conferences: String Pheno BEACH06 Extreme QCD TeV-Scale Physics Forward Physics Networks: QCDNET Physics@Colliders EURODAPHNE EURIDICE QUESTforUNIFICATION ARTEMIS HEPTOOLS MCnet FLAVIANETEST: ICCIPPP RAL: PPE Lecturers UK Forums Higgs-Maxwell Workshops

7. Masterclasses outreach Resources ~3000 pupils contacted ~30% secondary schools ~1000 visited Ogden Centre ~300 taken to Boulby DMF 3 art exhibitions Visits Events

8. Science inspired art Impact – Dawn Douglas

9. the impact . With the founding of the IPPP, a joint venture of the University of Durham and PPARC, particle physics phenomenology in the UK has been substantially revived. The IPPP has had major successes: creating a critical mass of particle theorists in Durham […] reviving particle phenomenology throughout the UK, and the organisation of many meetings and workshops. This development is very important, since it is essential that UK experimentalists and theorists be ready to exploit discoveries made at the LHC Second International Review of UK Research in Physics and Astronomy

10. … wider afield • the increase in phenomenology in Durham since the IPPP started has stimulated an enormous increase in phenomenology elsewhere in the UK IPPP (Abel, Ball, Dedes, Krauss, Forste, Moortgat-Pick, Pascoli, Richardson, Weiglein) • creation/expansion of phenomenology groups in • Cambridge (Allanach, Quevedo) • Edinburgh (Binoth, Plehn, Heinrich) • Glasgow (Miller, Campbell, Stockinger) • Liverpool (Teubner, Faraggi, Vogt) • Manchester (Pilaftsis, Dasgupta) • Oxford (March-Russell, Lukas, Zanderighi) • Sheffield (Roszkowski) • Southampton (Moretti, de Carlos, Belyaev) • University College (Thorne) • … ex-Durham

11. Spare slides

12. particle physics the key scientific themes • the origin of mass • the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe • the properties of neutrinos • the unification of particles and forces including gravity • the properties of the strong interaction • dark matter PPARC Strategy Document 2003

13. Direct production (discovery) at high-energy colliders, e.g. LHC H p p H A1 BSM: Higgs, Supersymmetry, …searches at high-energy colliders Weiglein Dedes Martin VA Khoze Information on the Higgs mass from precision electroweak theory calculations and measurements Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collisions Ecm = 14 TeV, 2007/8 → • Studies of properties, signals and backgrounds of Higgs bosons, supersymmetric and other BSM particles at present and future colliders, in particular: Linear Collider electron-positron collisions Ecm ~ 1 TeV, 2015/25? → LHC-ILC Study Group

14. A2 Monte Carlo event simulation Richardson Simulation of the decay of a Higgs boson into four muons in the CMS detector at the LHC HERWIG simulation of the production and decay of a black holein the ATLAS detector at the LHC

15. αS(E) non-perturbative 1 perturbative 0 E Example • probability distributions for momentum fraction carried by quarks and gluons in the proton • most cited papers in UK particle physics in last decade • learning about the deep structure of the proton… and vital ingredients for physics programme at high-energy hadron colliders proton quark xP P A3 Quantum Chromodynamics – the strong interaction field theory Glover VA Khoze Martin Maxwell Pennington Signer Stirling • responsible for the binding of quarks and gluons into hadrons • key ingredient of all hadron collider (LHC, …) phenomenology

16. A4 heavy quark physics Ball Dedes • the laws of physics are almost, but not quite, invariant under CP transformations • CP violation is believed to be the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe • CP violation is built in to the Standard Model (SM), where it is most easily studied in the weak decays of mesons containing heavy quarks, for example at B-Factories • in the SM, weak transitions between quarks are parametrised by the (complex) “CKM Matrix” Topics under study at IPPP • problem of strong interaction effects (heavy quarks confined in mesons) which contaminate weak decay measurements – sum rules, factorisable corrections, distribution amplitudes • sensitivity of B decays (e.g. B →  KS, BS→ µµ) to physics beyond the Standard Model, in particular Supersymmetry and models with “large” extra dimensions

17.  e A5 neutrino & astroparticle physics Pascoli Dedes Abel • most important discovery in particle physics in last decade: neutrinos have mass and can mix! e = cos |1 + sin |2  = -sin |1 + cos |2 m1  m2  0 Topics under study • neutrinos – Dirac or Majorana fermions? neutrinoless double beta decay experiments • neutrino masses and CP violation: superbeams, betabeams, neutrino factory • models for neutrino mass generation (e.g. “see-saw mechanism”) • implications for leptogenesis and baryogenesis • connections with cosmology and astroparticle physics

18. interdisciplinary research A6 Abel Gregory Forste VV Khoze • string and gauge theory • exploring the implications of string theory / gauge theory dualities • development of theories based on non-commuting spacetime; IR-UV mixing • string theory model building • particle cosmology • confronting string theory and cosmology models • braneworlds: our universe as a slice in higher-dimensional spacetime • induced higher-order corrections to gravitational interaction CPT ICC

19. New theoretical developments A7 Glover VV Khoze Stirling • Witten recently proposed a weak-weak duality between topological string theory and perturbative gauge theory • has led to new and exciting twistor inspired understanding of scattering amplitudes – MHV rules, recursion relations UK has played major role in developments – of 179 papers citing original MHV paper, 54 originate from UK – Durham, Swansea, Queen Mary, London and Southapmpton