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Objectives

Objectives. Preparation of Haloalkanes by Halogenation. Preparation Aryl Chlorides by Electrophilic Substitution. Halogen Exchange. Halogenation.

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives Preparation of Haloalkanesby Halogenation Preparation Aryl Chlorides by Electrophilic Substitution Halogen Exchange

  2. Halogenation Free radical chlorination or bromination of alkanes gives a complex 287 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes mixture of isomeric mono- and polyhaloalkanes, which is difficult to separate as pure compounds. CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

  3. Mechanism Propagation Termination

  4. Features of Halogenation F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. Attack of or on an alkane is selective Order of reactivity is 3° > 2° > 1°

  5. Features of Halogenation

  6. Isomerization

  7. By electrophilic substitution Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride.

  8. Halogen Exchange Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/ bromides with NaI in dry acetone. This reaction is known as Finkelstein reaction.

  9. Swarts reaction The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3. The reaction is termed as Swarts reaction.

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