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India Adolescent Development

India Adolescent Development. Bentleigh Barnett, Abigail Hetrick, Kayte Reaves, and Carolyn Stephens. Culture. Capital: New Delhi Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north 81.3% Hindu Life expectancy: 66.87 years Caste system. Culture.

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India Adolescent Development

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  1. IndiaAdolescent Development • Bentleigh Barnett, Abigail Hetrick, Kayte Reaves, and Carolyn Stephens

  2. Culture • Capital: New Delhi • Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north • 81.3% Hindu • Life expectancy: 66.87 years • Caste system

  3. Culture • Over 1600 Languages and dialects • Art is vivid and lively • Music and dance

  4. CultureThe Role of Family • It is the job of the mother to take care of the children • Children go to parents for everything

  5. Culture

  6. Cognitive • Aga Khan Education Services • “Lessons at all levels are facilitated through an integrated curriculum, supplemented by a variety of co-curricular activities, field trips and class projects.” • “The children participate in number of inter-school activities such as elocutions, debates, science exhibitions, creative writing and the arts.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKspt58JbsM

  7. Cognitive “The IAMR Yearbook (2000) estimates that 10 million children aged 0-14 are out of school and put to some work, in the home or outside”(120). -Research over consequences of “education, and psychosocial well-being”(121). • “The strains of the transition to a market economy are being passed on to children and youth in India via education. (119). • “For those in school, more young people are reporting signs of academic stress” (119).

  8. Physical • How does dietary intake affect development? • Puberty: Early or Late? • Sexually Active: due to early marriages? • Socioeconomic level

  9. PhysicalDietary Intake • Traditional foods • Degree of poverty • Amount of physical activity • Presence of toxins

  10. PhysicalPubertal Onset • Typically Early • Nutrition plays a large role • Under informed • Side note: Middle and Upper class Indian adolescents focus more on education than reproduction • Early pregnancy and arranged marriages are more common in urban India

  11. PhysicalSexual Activity • Large emphasis on purity and chastity for adolescent girls • Comes into play after marriage • Less can be inferred for males • Median age for marriage is 16 • Cohabitation is common by age 15 • Many young women become trapped

  12. PhysicalSES and Family Dynamics • Family dynamics? • Regardless of wealth, family is the most important element of life • Domestic violence is common • Heaven on Earth • Video clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kR8G_iy2lwI

  13. Social DevelopmentDifferences • About 445 million Children in India, most residing in slums with poor conditions • Struggle to provide for family • Lack of proper education. High drop out rates • High mortality between the ages 1-18 years • Due to “risk factors” social development lacks in many Indian children • Children are not getting appropriate care from family, and environment • Many children are working rather than going to school or engaging in social activities

  14. Risk Factors That Effect Social • Slums: • Malnutrition: Health Care • Overcrowding • Child Labor • Absence of Parents and Positive Affection • Dirty Water • Violence • Poor Housing Conditions

  15. Home Life • Many parents work full time • Siblings become responsible for the care of younger siblings • No safe drinking water, and poor housing leads to bad hygiene

  16. Child Labor Laws • As children begin to reach middle childhood and adolescents they are more than likely working in industries with harsh conditions working 12 hour days with little pay • Unregulated working conditions • Low wagers, without food • Sexual and verbal abuse • Laws are ignored, and not enforced • Undetected amounts of child labor makes this phenomenon hard to avoid • Kids drop out of school to work and provide for their families

  17. Education • Many children are not attending school in order to provide for family • More than half drop out before completing elementary school • Lack of education leads to negative effects that can be prevented • Gender gaps- girls are less likely to attend school during grades

  18. Prone to Disease • Due to the lack of education about nutrition • Poverty makes getting food hard • Malnutrition • Lack of proper health care • Low dietary intake • Sanitized water • Respiratory and diarrheal and polio diseases are most common among children in Slums

  19. Child Marriage • According to UNICEF “Child marriage is linked to poverty, lack of education and above all to the entrenched social norms that push parents to marry their daughters early” • Many women are arranged into marriage before the age of 18, and ever in most extremes before the age of 16 • After marriage girls are likely not to go back to school • Pressures of household responsibilities makes married life too hard for • Expectations for child birth • Although child marriage is illegal many cases go without prosecution

  20. References Anand, & Kulbir. (2009). Indian Culture. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.anand.to/india/culture.html Brown, B. B., Arson, R. W., & Saraswathi, T.S. (Eds.). (2002). The World's Youth: Adolescence in Eight Regions of the Globe. http://dx.doi.org10.1017%2FCBO9780511613814 Blake, S., Chand, T., Gupta, G., & Miller, I. (2009, September). Starting Strong, Early Childhood      Development in India. London, Europe: New Philanthropy Capital. Chaturvedi, S., Gnanasekaran, U. K. N., Sachdev, H., Pandey, R., & Bhanti, T. (1996). NUTRIENT INTAKE AMONGST ADOLESCENT GIRLS BELONGING TO POOR SOCIOECONOMIC GROUP OF RURAL AREA OF RAJASTHAN. Indian Pediatrics, 33. Culture of India. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/India.html#b The Diamond Jubilee High School, Mumbai. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Aga Khan Schools website: http://www.agakhanschools.org/india/djb/curriculum.asp Jasan, T. (Ed.). (2010, August 31). CHILD Protection & Child Rights. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from      Child Line website: http://www.childlineindia.org.in/child-labour-india.htm Jejeebhoy, S. J. (n.d.). Adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior: a review of the evidence from India. In Social Science and Medicine (pp. 1275-1290). (Excerpted from Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 46) India Education. (2004). Retrieved April 23, 2013, from Maps of India website: http://www.mapsofindia.com/india-education.html India - Language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/india-country-profile.html Indian Culture. (2009). Retrieved April 24, 2013, from Embassy of India website: http://www.indembangola.org/indianculture.html Indian Mirror. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/cul1.html Lone, A. (2012, February 9). A Child Bride Campaigns Against Child Marriage. Retrieved April 24,      2013, from UNICEF website: http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_7545.htm Lone, P. (2012, February 29). Getting At-Risk Children into School in the Slums of Moradabad.      Retrieved April 24, 2013, from UNICEF website: http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_7546.htm

  21. References • Mental Health Research. (1996). The Journal of the National Center, 7(1). • [Special issue]. (n.d.). Nutritional Status of Adolescent School Children in Rural North India. • Tuohiniemi, T. (2011, July 1). On Stage Against Child Marriage. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from •      UNICEF website: http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_7103.htm • Walker, A. (2011, April 10). Village Self-Help Groups Keeping Children Out of Labour. Retrieved •      April 24, 2013, from UNICEF website: http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_6927.htm

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