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Energy Production in Cellular Respiration

Explore the breakdown of glucose and ATP production in cellular respiration, the significance of oxygen, and the role of fermentation. Learn about the stages of glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle. Discover how the mitochondrion structure influences energy conversion.

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Energy Production in Cellular Respiration

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  1. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Objectives • Summarizehow glucose is broken down in the first stage of cellular respiration. • Describehow ATP is made in the second stage of cellular respiration. • Identifythe role of fermentation in the second stage of cellular respiration (next class) • Evaluatethe importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration.

  2. New Vocabulary • Aerobic • Anaerobic • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • NADH • FADH2 • Fermentation

  3. What type of organic compounds are made during photosynthesis? • Before organisms use the energy in organic compounds, they must convert this energy to _________ during the process of _______________ __________________ • Remember, ________ organisms respire…even plants • If they don’t respire, they ____________ Sugars (carbohydrates) ATP cellular respiration all expire

  4. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Oxygen • __________________ in the air you breathe makes the production of ATP more efficient, although some ATP is made ______________ oxygen. • Metabolic processes that require oxygen are called ___________________. • Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen are called _______________, which means “without air. without aerobic anaerobic

  5. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration • In the process of cellular respiration, __________________ is broken down to produce ____________ within __________________ glucose energy a mitochondrion

  6. Structure of the mitochondrion 2 • _____ membranes • Inner membrane is _________ • Space between the two membranes is called the ______________ space • Space inside the inner membrane is called the mitochondrial ____________ folded intermembrane matrix matrix Intermembrane space

  7. The equation for cellular respiration is… C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Which reactant is needed for cellular respiration to be efficient? In addition to energy, what other products are made? oxygen Carbon dioxide, water

  8. Section 3 Cellular Respiration Chapter 5 The Stages of Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages: Stage 1 Glycolysis: occurs in the ______________ Stage 2 Krebs Cycle: occurs in the _____________ _________ Stage 3 Electron Transport Chain: occurs along the folded __________ membrane cytoplasm mitochondrial matrix inner

  9. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis glucose • Process in which ___________ is broken down into ____________ or _____________ acid • Occurs in the ______________ • Does _____ need oxygen! • 4 steps pyruvates pyruvic cytoplasm not

  10. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 1 2 • _____ ATP jumpstart glycolysis • ____ phosphates from ATP join __________ to form an unstable 6-carbon compound 2 glucose

  11. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 2 • This unstable 6-carbon compound immediately breaks into ____ 3-carbon compounds called ___________ 2 PGAL

  12. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 3 • As glucose is broken down some of its ___________ atoms join _________ to form __________, which is an energy storing molecule • The hydrogen atoms are replaced by two more __________ groups hydrogen NAD+ NADH phosphate

  13. The ____ phosphates bond with 4 molecules of ADP to make 4 _______ molecules The remaining products are two 3-carbon pyruvates, which are ions of ___________ ________ Remember that 2 ATP are needed to start the process, so glycolysis produces a net gain of ______ ATP Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 4 4 ATP pyruvic acid 2

  14. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Entering the Mitochondria diffuse • The 3-carbon pyruvates are small enough to ___________ through the mitochondrial membranes, where they are each broken down into…. • One ________ • One 2-carbon compound called an ___________ ____________ CO2 acetyl group

  15. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration • This process releases another hydrogen atom which joins NAD+ to make one more molecule of __________ • The acetyl group is attached to a molecule called ______________, (______) forming the compound _________________ NADH Coenzyme A CoA Acetyl-CoA

  16. Krebs • Each acetyl CoA enters the _________ cycle to start stage 2 of cellular respiration • It turns __________, once for each acetyl CoA • This cycle is name after ___________________, the scientist who discovered it • Occurs in ____ main steps twice Hans Krebs 4

  17. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1) • Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle by joining a 4-carbon compound called _____________ _____________ oxaloacetic acid

  18. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 1) • The new 6-carbon compound is called _____________ ___________ • Since this is the first product of the Krebs cycle, it also often called the _____________ _________ cycle citric acid citric acid

  19. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 2) CO2 • _____ is released from citric acid, resulting in a ___ carbon compound 5

  20. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 3) CO2 • _____ is released from the 5-carbon compound, forming a ____ carbon compound • So how many molecules of CO2 are made during the Krebs cycle? 4 2, but it turns twice so 4

  21. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Two: Krebs Cycle (Step 4) • The 4-carbon compound is _____________, making oxaloacetic acid available for the cycle again rearranged

  22. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration • This cycle also makes energy storing compounds… • ____ NADH • ____ ATP • ____ FADH2 • Remember that the cycle turns twice, so it is really… • ____ NADH • ____ ATP • ____ FADH2 3 1 1 6 2 2

  23. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration Stage Three: Electron Transport Chain • _________ and ________ carry high energy _________ to the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where they pass through an ______________ _____________ chain NADH FADH2 electrons electron transport

  24. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration hydrogen intermembrane • The energy released from the moving electrons is used to pump _____________ ions from mitochondrial matrix to the _______________ space

  25. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration diffuse synthetase large • This creates a build-up of hydrogen ions which will _____________ through the ATP _____________ pump, producing __________ amounts of ATP

  26. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration chemiosmosis • As the diffusion of water is called osmosis, the diffusion of chemicals, like H+, is called ___________________

  27. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration O2 H2O • The last molecule in the electron transport chain to receive an electron is oxygen gas _______. It binds with hydrogen ions to make _________

  28. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration oxygen blocked • Without ___________, the electron transport chain cannot pass along electrons and it easily gets _________ or clogged up

  29. Chapter 5 Section 3 Cellular Respiration stop ATP • This is why oxygen is so essential for most organisms…without it the electron transport chain will _____ working and _____ will no longer be produced

  30. oxidative • The process of making large amounts of ATP in the electron transport chain is called ______________ ______________________ • Oxidation results when ___________ are lost or donated to other molecules • Electrons are _________ from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain • Phosphorylation occurs when a ____________ group is added to a molecule • Phosphates are added to _____ phosphorylation electrons passed phosphate ADP

  31. 2 • Summary of ATP made during cellular respiration • Glycolysis = ____ ATP • Krebs Cycle = ____ ATP • Electron Transport Chain = ____ ATP to ___ ATP • Total… = ____ ATP to ___ ATP 2 32 34 36 38

  32. Question 1 • What substance is broken down during cellular respiration? • CO2 (carbon dioxide) • H2O (water) • O2 (oxygen) • C6H12O6 (glucose)

  33. Question 2 • Why must glucose be converted to 2 pyruvates in the cytoplasm, before these molecules cross through the mitochondrial membranes? Glucose is too big to diffuse across the membranes

  34. Question 3 • What is the first compound made during the Krebs cycle? • Oxaloacetic acid • Citric acid • Acetyl CoA • pyruvate

  35. Question 4 • Which energy storing compound is not made during the Krebs cycle? • ATP • NADH • NADPH • FADH2

  36. Question 5 • Which molecule is necessary to prevent the electron transport chain from becoming clogged or backed up? • CO2 (carbon dioxide) • H2O (water) • O2 (oxygen) • C6H12O6 (glucose)

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