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Latin America

Latin America. Independence. Recap: . Spain and Portugal colonized in 1500’s English and French colonized in North America Spain colonized in Caribbean, Mexico, and South America Portugal - Brazil. Nationalism in Latin America. First revolt: 1791 – Haiti

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Latin America

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  1. Latin America Independence

  2. Recap: • Spain and Portugal colonized in 1500’s • English and French colonized in North America • Spain colonized in Caribbean, Mexico, and South America • Portugal - Brazil

  3. Nationalism in Latin America • First revolt: 1791 – Haiti • Toussaint-Louverture led slaves against French • Grandson of African King • Born into slavery • Not accepted by Napoleon • Tricked T-L into giving himself up • Taken to France • Died in 1803 • Haiti free in 1803

  4. Mexican Independence • People in Mexico watched other countries revolutions - a political movement in which people overthrow the government • 1770’s - American Colonies • 1789 - French Revolution • 1790’s - Haiti (France) • Criollos - had Spanish parents, born in Latin America • Few had any political power • Wanted to govern themselves

  5. “Cry of Dolores” • 1810 - Miguel Hidalgo - Criollo priest in town of Dolores. Another priest: Morelos helped • 80,000 followers, • Won some victories, but were soon retreating. • Was captured and killed by firing squad • Hidalgo started the revolution, started that way of thinking.

  6. Independence finally comes… • Small rebel groups kept fighting even after their leaders were executed. • Iturbide joins the rebels • High ranking criollo in Spanish Army. • Many people viewed Iturbide differently than Hidalgo • They began to suppoprt the rebellion • 1821 - Iturbide declared Mexico independent

  7. South American Independence • Simon Bolivar - born in Venezuela - joined the fight for independence in 1804. • By 1822 his troops freed much of the northern part of S.A. - Bolivar was its President. • Soon turned his attention south toward Peru.

  8. S.A. Independence • Jose de San Martin - Spanish Army, Argentina • 1817 - Took his soldiers over the Andes into Chile. • Defeated the Spanish within months • By 1821 turned his attention to Peru • Attacked Lima, by sea. • Caught Spanish off guard

  9. S.A. Independence • One year later, San Martin met with Bolivar • No one knows what was talked about… • San martin gave up his command and left Bolivar to continue the fight on his own. • Bolivar drove the remaining Spanish out of S.A. • By 1825, only Cuba and Puerto Rico were still ruled by Spain

  10. Brazil’s Independence • Became independent without fighting a war. • In 1800s Portugal's royal family fled war in Portugal - came to Brazil • They returned in 1821, but the king left his son (Dom Pedro) to rule the colony. • He declared Brazil independent, three years later Portugal agreed to the independence

  11. Latin American Challenges • Many countries fought over how their countries should be governed • Many nations ended up poor. • Bolivar wanted South America to become “ONE” united country - “Gran Columbia” • Made up of Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama • Did not accomplish, geography played big role in downfall • Many leaders were “caudillos” • Military officers who ruled strictly • Wanted power and to get rich, didn’t care about the people

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