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Changes in Latin America

Changes in Latin America. Ch 25. Central and South America sought to break from colonial rule Same as every other colony in this time period Spanish Colonies influenced by Napoleon’s actions Influenced by Enlightenment Haiti slave rebellion (1792) Fear of all of the other colonies.

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Changes in Latin America

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  1. Changes in Latin America Ch 25

  2. Central and South America sought to break from colonial rule • Same as every other colony in this time period • Spanish Colonies influenced by Napoleon’s actions • Influenced by Enlightenment • Haiti slave rebellion (1792) • Fear of all of the other colonies I. Introduction

  3. Simon Bolivar • Led Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador against Spain (1817-1822) • Formed Gran Colombia • Broke up due to political differences • Rejected being crowned king II. Colonies to Nations

  4. Reasons for “Revolucion” • Creoles, natives and mixed were not treated equally • American and French Revolution • Haitian Slave Revolution • ToussiantL’Overture lead the overthrow of French rule • Plantation owners fearful II. Colonies to Nations

  5. Mexico • Father Miguel de Hidalgo • Encouraged Indians and Mestizos to rebel- Executed • Augustin de Iturbide • Officer, negotiated with creoles and became emperor • Problems • Inequality • Texas • Alamo • Mexican-American War • US takes ½ of Mexico’s land • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • La Reforma- redistributed Indian land- Rich win II. Colonies to Nations

  6. Brazil • Important economically • Sugar Cotton and Cacao • Portuguese Royal family flee from Napoleon • Rio de Janierobecomes Portuguese imperial city • Changes when Portuguese leave • Nation • Traded coffee • Kept slavery- last to abolish • Monarchy collapses • Bloodless military coup- Republic II. Colonies to Nations

  7. Argentina • Liberated under Jose de San Martin • With Chile and Peru • Formed a republic (brought prosperity) • Domingo F. Sarmiento • President who made numerous reforms • Greatly exported beef, hides and wool • Greatly expanded territory • Became a place for Italian, German and Russian immigrants • Some would travel back and forth for growing seasons II. Colonies to Nations

  8. US stayed “isolated” until after Civil War • Monroe Doctrine 1823 • US handles problems in Americas • No further European colonization • Fear of assault launch pad • Manifest Destiny • Destined to rule coast-coast • Brought into conflict with Mexico • Spanish American War • Retaliation vs. Money • USS Maine • Cuban Sugar • US occupied Cuba • Puerto Rico becomes an American dependency III. US Involvement

  9. Panama Canal • Shortcut for US fleet • US helps Panama gain independence from Columbia • Built from 1903-1914 • Initially under US control but turned over to Panama (1999) III. US Involvement

  10. Latin America became very fragmented • Common culture but different political and social views • War of the Pacific aka Fertilizer War (1879-1883) • Chile vs. Bolivia and Peru • Chile gains territory and problems proceeded in Bolivia and Peru • Rivalries in exports IV. General Problems

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