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Naming Acids

Naming Acids. Dr. Jerry E. Sipe Ivy Tech Community College. What You Need To Know. Acid nomenclature is different from other compound nomenclature Other compounds are named for their cations and their anions Acids are named for their anions… because they have a common cation: H +.

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Naming Acids

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  1. Naming Acids Dr. Jerry E. Sipe Ivy Tech Community College

  2. What You Need To Know • Acid nomenclature is different from other compound nomenclature • Other compounds are named for their cations and their anions • Acids are named for their anions… • because they have a common cation: H+

  3. Classification of Acids • Classified by the number of hydrogen ions produced • Monoprotic: HCl  H+ + Cl- • Diprotic: H2SO4  2 H+ + SO4-2 • Triprotic: H3PO4  3 H+ + PO4-3 • Recognizing this classification is vital when stoichiometry and/or balancing equations are required

  4. Classification of Acids • Classified by type of anion • Binary: monatomic anion: HCl • Tertiary: polyatomic anion: H2SO4 • Recognizing this classification is vital in naming acids and writing formulas from their names

  5. Writing Acid Formulas:Binary Acids • Formula writing begins with analyzing the key parts of the name • Binary acids are recognized by the following: • HYDROELEMENTIC CROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES H+ E-X HXE

  6. Hydrochloric Acid Indicates a binary acid containing chlorine H+ Cl- H Cl 1 1

  7. Writing Acid Formulas:TertiaryAcids – Names ending in “ous” • POLYATOMICSTEMOUS ACID CROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES H+ ZO-X HXZO

  8. Nitrous Acid Indicates a polyatomic anion with lowest amount of oxygen in nitrogen series (nitrite) NO2- H+ H NO2 1 1

  9. Writing Acid Formulas:TertiaryAcids – Names ending in “IC” • POLYATOMICSTEMIC ACID CROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES H+ ZO2-X HXZO2

  10. Sulfuric Acid Indicates a polyatomic anion with highest amount of oxygen in sulfur series – SULFATE SO4-2 H+ SO4 H 2 1

  11. Perchloric acid Indicates a polyatomic anion with highest amount of oxygen in chlorine series PERCHLORATE ClO4- H+ H ClO4 1 1

  12. Hydrophosphoric Acid Indicates a binary acid containing phosphorous H+ P-3 H P 3 1

  13. Hydroiodic Acid Indicates a binary acid containing iodine H+ I- H I 1 1

  14. Hypochlorous Acid Indicates a polyatomic ion with the lowest level of oxygen in the chlorine series HYPOCHLORITE H+ ClO- H ClO 1 1

  15. Naming of Acids: Formula to Name • Acid names derived from the anion • Binary acids: HYDROELEMENTIC ACID • Example: HI  IODIDE ion is anion • …IDE  IC • Therefore the name of the acid is • HYDROIODIC ACID

  16. Naming of Acids: Formula to Name • Tertiary acids “ite” ending: ITE  OUS • ION NAME STEMOUS ACID • Example: H3PO3; PO3-3is the phosphite ion; therefore, the name of the acid is PHOSPHOROUS ACID • Note: the “OR” in the name is added to complete the elemental name

  17. Naming of Acids: Formula to Name • Tertiary acids “ic” ending: ATE  IC • ION NAME STEMIC ACID • Example: HPO4; PO4-is phosphate ion; therefore, the name of the acid is PHOSPHORIC ACID • Note: the “OR” in the name is added to complete the elemental name

  18. H2S Only one element (sulfur) other than hydrogen – a binary acid; therefore… Hydro sulfur ic Acid

  19. H2SO3 Sulf ite Ion Sulfur ous Acid

  20. HNO3 Nitr ate Ion Nitr ic Acid

  21. HF Only one element (fluorine) other than hydrogen – a binary acid; therefore… Hydro fluor ic Acid

  22. HClO3 Chlor ate Ion Chlor ic Acid

  23. HIO Hypoiod ite Ion Hypoiod ous Acid

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