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The Moon

The Moon. What is the Moon made From? The Moon is a ball of grey rock It is covered with a powdery gray soil It is 2,160 miles across That is almost the size of the United States. What is the Moon Like. The surface of the moon rises with mountains and falls with valleys just like the Earth

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The Moon

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  1. The Moon

  2. What is the Moon made From? The Moon is a ball of grey rock It is covered with a powdery gray soil It is 2,160 miles across That is almost the size of the United States What is the Moon Like

  3. The surface of the moon rises with mountains and falls with valleys just like the Earth It also has flat plains The bright areas of the moon are hills and valleys The dark areas are the low flat plains Mountains, Valleys, and Plains

  4. Scientists originally thought the dark areas were seas or oceans • They called them Seas or Maria • When men landed on the moon, they landed in the Sea of Tranquility

  5. How Craters Form • The Moon crater activity shows how craters can be made • A crater is a pit shaped like a bowl • There are craters on Earth • Meteorites are pieces of space material that land • Craters are formed when Meteorites strike the moon

  6. Meteorites can also strike the Earth but usually burn up before they hit • They can range in size from a grain of sand to larger than a house

  7. It gets cold without a blanket • Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere • This layer of gases protects the Earth • It shields us from the Sun’s harmful rays and moderates temperature • The Moon has no atmosphere • The temperature on the moon ranges from -279 degrees to 220 degrees

  8. The Sun • Features • 9/10 is Hydrogen gas • 1/10 is Helium gas • Dense core of gasses • Most of the mass of the sun is in the core • Energy of the sun comes from changes in the core • Hydrogen in the core is changed to Helium • Heat is produced • Light is produced

  9. Structure • Corona: The hot outer atmosphere of the sun • Can only be seen from Earth during an eclipse • Appears to be a halo around the sun

  10. Structure • Surface is in constant motion • Solar Flare: An eruption on the surface of the sun • Sunspot: A dark region in the atmosphere of the sun

  11. Solar Flare

  12. Sunspot • Cooler than the surrounding regions • Number increases and decreases in an eleven year cycle • Some think that the number of spots affects the Earth’s climate

  13. Compared to other stars • Sun is a star • Sun is the closest star to the Earth • Mid sized star • Sun is much larger than Earth • Sun is 93 million (93,000,000) miles away • It takes light 8 minutes to travel from the sun to the Earth • Stars pass through a life cycle

  14. Motion • Objects in the Solar System move or orbit around the sun • Orbit: the path on which an object travels as it moves around another object • A planet’s orbit is the oval shaped path the planet travels around the sun

  15. Motion • All planets are in motion • Revolution: A planet moving in an orbit around the sun • Year: The time it takes a planet to complete one orbit or revolution around the sun

  16. Motion • Years are different for every planet • Rotation: The turning of a body on its axis • Axis: The imaginary line running from the North Pole to the South Pole on which a planet rotates • Day: The time it takes for a body to complete one rotation

  17. The North Star • Name is Polaris • All other stars spin counter clockwise • The end of the Big Dipper forms a line that points to the North Star

  18. Telling Time • During the day, you can use the Sun to tell time • At 12:00 noon, the Sun is at its highest point • The Earth’s 24 hour rotation is the basis for our time during the day

  19. Telling Time (cont) • The revolution of the Earth determines our 365 day year • The moon revolves around the Earth approximately every 27 days • This makes our week 7 days (4x7=28 which is close to 27) • This makes our months close to that as well (28 or 29, 30, or 31 days)

  20. The Moon • Earth’s only natural satellite • 8 Phases • Waxing – view of moon is getting larger • Waning – view of moon is getting smaller

  21. Phases of the Moon

  22. New Moon • First phase in the cycle • Moon is not visible

  23. Waxing Cresent • Second Phase • Right slice is visible

  24. First Quarter • Third Phase • Right half of moon visible

  25. Waxing Gibbous • Fourth Phase • Right ¾ of moon is visible

  26. Full Moon • Fifth Phase • All of moon is visible

  27. Waning Gibbous • Sixth Phase • Left ¾ of moon is visible

  28. Last Quarter • Seventh Phase • Left half of moon is visible

  29. Waning Cresent • Eighth Phase • Left slice of moon is visible

  30. Eclipses • Solar Eclipse: When the moon casts its shadow over the Earth • Moon is between Earth and the Sun

  31. Solar Eclipse

  32. Eclipses • Lunar Eclipse: When the Earth casts its shadow over the Moon • Earth is between the Sun and Moon

  33. Lunar Eclipse

  34. The Seasons • Caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis • When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere • When the North Pole is tilted away from the sun, it is Winter in the Northern Hemisphere • When in transition, it is either Spring or Fall

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