1 / 20

Photogrammetry Digital Elevation Models Orthophotographs

Photogrammetry Digital Elevation Models Orthophotographs. Topographic Mapping – Old School. Surveying Instruments. Stadia Rod Distance and elevation measurement Interval between crosshairs gives distance Elevation on rod gives elevation relative to observer. Stadia Rod.

peers
Télécharger la présentation

Photogrammetry Digital Elevation Models Orthophotographs

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. PhotogrammetryDigital Elevation Models Orthophotographs

  2. Topographic Mapping – Old School

  3. Surveying Instruments • Stadia Rod • Distance and elevation measurement • Interval between crosshairs gives distance • Elevation on rod gives elevation relative to observer

  4. Stadia Rod

  5. Surveying Instruments • Transit • Record data in field for later analysis • Alidade • Used for direct plotting in field • Plane Table • Used in conjunction with Alidade • Plot distance and elevation directly on rough map

  6. Laser Ranger

  7. Retroreflector

  8. View Through Sight

  9. Installing Bench Marks

  10. Aerial Photographs • Altitude variation during flight • Camera tilt (Doesn’t always point straight down) • Scale varies across photograph • Scale varies with elevation • Foreshortening toward edge of picture • Parallax shift with altitude • Lens distortion • Atmospheric distortion

  11. Photogrammetry • Use overlap of aerial photos to view photos in stereo • Correct photos for camera angle and altitude • Parallax shift determines altitude

  12. KelshStereoplotter: Concept

  13. KelshStereoplotter in Practice

  14. Analog Stereoplotter

  15. Analytical Stereoplotter • One step below complete automation • Photos scanned digitally • Digital images corrected for camera angle and altitude • Operator views images through a stereoviewer • Joystick used to maneuver • Results stored directly as digital file

  16. Digital Photogrammetry • Not feasible until 1980’s when computers had sufficient speed and memory • Match features on photos by recognition routines • Determine parallax and calculate x,y,z

  17. Digital Elevation Models • Derive from existing maps and survey data • Derive from radar or laser ranging • All field-derived data are irregular • Need to generate grid of points • Need DEM’s to generate modern orthophotographs • DEM coverage of Mars and Venus is as good as Earth

  18. Orthophotographs • Aerial photographs with parallax and scale distortions removed • Analog methods are modified from photogrammetry • Instead of scribing a contour line, expose a patch of the images on film • First invented by Germans and French in 1930’s • Russell Bean of USGS invented a method in 1955 • Systematic production began at USGS in 1965 • Analog methods used until early 1980’s

  19. Digital Orthophotographs • Begun in 1980’s when computers finally had enough memory and speed to handle the load • USDA wanted base maps for soil mapping; contributed funding for development and production • Full scale production began in 1991, peaked in 1999 • Now nearly complete • DOQ = Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle

  20. How Orthophotos are Made • Computer recognizes locations on photograph • Control points on ground for location accuracy • Elevation provided by DEM • Not entirely like digital photogrammetry • Image generally overlaps latitude-longitude bounds by 50-300 meters • All use NAD 83 and Universal Transverse Mercator projection

More Related