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Crop Plants: Why You Should Never Go Hungry

Agriculture has revolutionized human life by providing a stable food supply and enabling permanent settlements. This transition from hunting and gathering to farming facilitated the development of specialized roles in society and greater efficiency in food production. Key crops, including cereals, tubers, and fruits, have high nutritional value, yet they also lack certain essential nutrients. To ensure a balanced diet, it’s crucial to complement crop-based foods with fruits, vegetables, and proteins. Exploring genetic modification, like Golden Rice, may enhance crops' nutritional profiles for better health.

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Crop Plants: Why You Should Never Go Hungry

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  1. Crop Plants:Why You Should Never Go Hungry

  2. In The Beginning… • Life for humans was very different: • No permanent settlements • No real specialization • Hunt or Gather • Less stable food supplies • Then, came mankind's greatest invention… • AGRICULUTURE! • Why so fly (cool)? • More food/ better control on supply • Permanentsettlements • More free time to develop ideas • Specialized roles in society

  3. Dominating the Market • Foods to feed the world… • What characteristics do they have? • Easy to grow/grow fast • Lots of energy inside/carbs • Stay cheap • Crop Plants: 1) Cereal Crops grasses • Rice common food • Wheat bread • Barley bread and beer • Sorghum and millet 2) Stems • Yams, taro, and potatoes 3) Some fruits • Dates and bananas

  4. The Good and The Bad of Crops • What are the healthy benefits of crops? • Carbohydrate heavy • Protein (not as much as meat) • Rich in Vitamin B • Lots of Ca2+and Fe • Source of fiber to help peristalsis • What is lacking from crops? • Proteins lacklysine (essential Amino Acid) • Little Vitamin A, C, or D • How do we fix this? • Eat balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, meats, and dairy • Modify genes of crop plants • Golden Rice vitamin A

  5. Ancient Agricultural Secret • How long have “GM” foods been around? • Since agriculture was created • Farmers have always tried mixing the best of each crop to make best looking/tasting products • What term is used for this process? • Cross pollination “outbreeding” through genetically varied individuals • Genetic diversity = better chance of adapting • Why are plants so easy to cross-breed? • Additional chromosomes rarely destabilize zygote ; polyploidy • Hybrid vigor

  6. Pollination • What are males gametes in plants? Where are they? • Pollen grains on anthers • What are the females gametes in plants? Where are they? • Ovule inside the stigma • Pollination mixing of pollen grains with stigma to cause fertilization • What are the different methods of pollination? • Wind pollen designed to be carried by breeze • Pollinators pollen carried by birds, insects, etc…

  7. Fertilization • Pollen lands on stigma and chemical signals cause pollen tube to grow down style to the ovary • Pollen tube reaches the ovule and deposits 2 male gametes; Inside ovary are 6 haploid cells and 1 diploid nucleus • 1 male gamete fuses with 1 female gamete; this becomes the zygote (2n) • Second male gamete fuses with diploid endosperm nucleus; this becomes a 3n endosperm (food source for seed)

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