1. Scientific Method

2. Do Now 9/10/2012 • Hand in your HWs (signed welcome letter and laboratory safety contract, academic goals) • Which type of bubble gum is the best at blowing bubble? How do you know?

3. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodThink like a scientist! Aim: How Do Scientists Use The Scientific Method To Do Experiments? • What is the scientific method? Scientific method is a process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us.

4. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodSteps of the Scientific Method Step 1: Make observations Observe two types of the bubble gum. Step 2: Ask a question Which bubble gum is best at blowing bubble? Step 3: Form a hypothesis (your guess to the answer) I think/predict that Extra peppermint (Extra spearmint) can blow a bigger bubble. Step 4: Do an experiment Procedures/steps Step 5: Record data (table, chart or graph. Ex: size) Step 6: Draw a conclusion (supports or rejects?)

5. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodHold On! • Somebody says your hypothesis is not right! • Does it have to be correct? Why? • Hypothesis is an guess that is not considered to be right or wrong! Your job is to test your hypothesis. • Can you rewrite your hypothesis by using “If…then…”?

6. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodLet’s do an experiment together! • In groups of 3-4 students, each group will receive two different pieces of gum: peppermint and spearmint • One person can chew and blow peppermint, • another person can chew and blow spearmint, • the third one can observe what happen during the experiment (Think about the procedures) • the fourth person can record data at the end

7. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodShare your findings • Group 1: • Group 2: • Group 3: • Group 4: • Group 5:

8. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodControlled Experiment • In a Controlled Experiment, ONLY one variable is allowed to change at a time. Everything else remains constant. • In this experiment, what’s that one variable is allowed to change? It’s the variable that we vary—FLAVORS of the gum Independent Variable

9. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodWhat’s wrong with this experiment? Standardized/Constant Variables: variables that are held constant (What do I keep the same throughout) • Sample size • Same gender • Same time period (chew for 10 minutes) of chewing the gum • Same age group • Use measurement (string to measure diameter of the bubble)

10. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodIndependent Variable • Independent Variable (I.V.): the cause, the factor we vary. (What do I change?) Examples: • How stress affects heart rate in humans? I.V.: stress. DV: heart rate in humans CV: age, gender, body condition, type of stress 2. One study shows how income earned by an individual is affected by the level of education. I.V.: The level of education DV: the income CV: age, region/area, type of education 3. Types of soil and the growth of a particular plant I.V.: types of soil DV. The growth of a particular plant

11. LG: To understand the process of the scientific methodDependent Variable • Dependent Variable (D.V.): the result, the consequence. (What do I observe?) Examples: • How street affects heart rate in humans? D.V.: heart rate 2. One study shows how income earned by an individual is affected by the level of education. D.V.: income earned by an individual 3. Types of soil and the growth of a particular plant D.V.: the growth of a particular plant