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Learn about the agricultural practices, fishing industry, and Puritan way of life in colonial New England. Discover the importance of corn, fishing, and lumbering in the region, as well as the religious and social customs of the Puritans.
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Chapter 3section 2 New England and the colonies
New England • Inability to grow cash crops due to not having large plantations. • Corn was the main crop grown in New England. • Farmers started to grow barley, oats, rye, beans, peas, pumpkins, squash. • Farmers in New England raised livestock. • Oxen would pull plows and horses were used for travel.
Fishing & Whaling • Close to New England was the Grand Banks, shallow region in the Atlantic Ocean where the warm Gulf of Mexico and cold Atlantic produced a lot of plankton, which produces plankton. • Plankton is an important supply for fish to eat. • New England also had good harbors and timber for boats.
Fishing and Whaling • Fishing brought prosperity to New England. It was an important source of nutrition. • By the early 1700s, 4,000-5,000 people in New England made a living simply by fishing. • Whaling also made a lot of money for New England. • People wanted to buy blubber. • Blubber could be used to make candles and used in lamp oil.
Lumbering & Shipbuilding • Maine and New Hampshire provided the conditions necessary for the development of a lumber industry. • Waterfalls were used to power sawmills. • Lumber cut at these sawmills would be transported downriver to the coast and shipped to other colonies or back to England. • Colonists wanted walnut, maple, and sycamore wood for furniture. • Lumber also made shipbuilding possible. Ships were cheaper in America, not England.
Life in New England • Puritans believed God had entered into a covenant or contract with human beings which enabled them to obtain salvation. • They believed groups of Christians should come together and worship together. • Towns started to pop up, rather than individuals having lots of land. • The town will determine how the land was settled and how people would be governed.
Puritan Ways of Life • Houses were located close to the church, often called a meetinghouse. This was established so Puritan’s could never use distance as an excuse to miss Sunday worship. • These sermons reinforced strict rules on the Puritan way of life. • Puritans’ frowned upon the game of cards and dice and dancing. • Puritans’ believed in Holy Watching, which meant to watch over their neighbor. • Not to be boring, Puritans’ drank rum, listened to music, and wore bright clothes to indicate their wealth.
Town Meetings • Town residents would meet to discuss local problems and issues. The town meetings would eventually lead into a local town government. • Anyone could attend a town meeting or share an opinion, but only men with land could vote at the meetings. • Meetings became more frequent, and men started to pass laws and elect officials.
Town Meetings • Selectmen were men chosen to manage the town’s affairs. They were elected annually. • Town meetings will set the stage for the American Revolution and emergence of a democratic government.
Writing AssignmentDaily Grade • Imagine Saraland High School had school meetings instead of town meetings. Imagine you went to one. The staff asks you what laws you would change or add to the high school. Why would these laws benefit the high school? Write a 3 paragraph essay (5-6 sentences) about what rules you would implement or take away, why you would implement these new rules, why you would take the old rules away, and finish with a strong conclusion of why they should accept your new ideas. Turn in once finished.
Society in the Middle Colonies • Middle colonies = Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. • Wheat was the cash crop of the Middle Colonies.
Growth of the Middle Colonies • Middle Colonies benefited because they were located near 3 rivers. This made it easy for farmers to move their goods. • European goods were constantly being traded for wheat and flour. • New York City and Philadelphia will grow to be the 2 largest cities in the British colonies.
Levels of Class • Top = wealthy entrepreneurs who owned large farms & other businesses. • Middle = Farmers who owned a few acres of land • Bottom – landless workers, typically rented land or worked for wages.
Classwork: • You are creating a flyer to go around England persuading people to move to the Southern, Middle, or Northern Colonies of America. Grab a sheet of construction paper and some colored pencils. • On your flyer, pick where you would choose to live at. How could people make money in this area of America? (for example, growing crops---Southern, fishing and whaling-----Northern, or growing wheat------Middle), include a catchy saying to promote living in this area. I will hang these up, so make it look nice :-) • On the back of your flyer, answer this: • Why did you choose this area? • If you could change 1 thing about this area, what would you change?
Mercantilism is a set of ideas about the world economy & how it works. • These people believed in order to become rich a country had to accumulate a lot of gold & silver. • Believed a country should be self-sufficient in raw materials.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arEnLFunntk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4pnutYN97U • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxmB2DB10Ts
Navigation Acts • Government encouraged more exports than imports. • Charles II asked Parliament to pass a navigation act. • This act required all goods imported and exported from the colonies to be carried on English ships. • The act listed specific raw materials that could be sold only to England or other English Colonies. Such as tobacco, lumber, cotton, sugar, wool, indigo.
Staple Act • Many colonists complained about the Navigation Act. • 1663, Parliament passed the Staple Act which required everything the colonies imported to come from England. • All merchants bringing European goods to the colonies had to stop in England, pay taxes, then ship it out on an English ship. This generated money for England, raised prices for colonists. • Frustration with the colonists continued to grow.
Problems with Enforcement • King Charles will appoint a committee to oversee colonial trade and advise him of any problems. It will be called Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations. • Foreign ships started to pop up in Boston Harbor and merchants of Massachusetts ignored the Navigation Acts. • King Charles eventually made Massachusetts a royal colony.
Dominion of New England Is Established • James II succeeds King Charles and merged Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Rhode Island together. • The Dominion of New England was now a royal providence. • The Dominion was to be run by a governor general and councilors appointed directly by the king. Sir Edmund Andros was the first governor-general.
Glorious Revolution • Colonists do not like their governor-general Andros and the people in England did not like King James II. Reasons James II made Parliament mad: • 1) Revoked Charters • 2) Openly practiced Catholicism • 3) Prosecuted Anglican bishops
A Bloodless Revolution • Parliament tolerated James because they expected his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to succeed James II. • Parliament does not want James to be king. • Parliament invited William of Orange to take throne, he arrives, James II leaves England. William is now King of England • This bloodless change of power is known as the Glorious Revolution.
English Bill of Rights • William and Mary will be required to obey laws of Parliament. This would be known as English Bill of Rights which abolished the kings absolute power. • Made it illegal to propose taxes or raise an army without Parliament’s consent. • Toleration Act will be introduced granting freedom of worship to all Protestants, but not Catholics or Jews.
John Locke • Wrote a book explaining why sometimes revolution against the king is justified. • John Locke asserted that people were born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property. • Before governments, people lived in a state of nature where their rights were not safe. To protect these rights, people created a government. Forming a contract that agrees with government laws. He believed if the monarchs violated the rights of people, the people could overthrow the monarchy.
Identify the Importance • Many names are introduced in this section. • You will need to create a fact sheet for your notes identifying the following people for your test. • Charles II, Sir Edmund Andros, James II, William and Mary, and John Locke. • Give specific details about who each person is and why they are significant in this section.
