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Divided Europe. EUH 3206 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1939-1968. First Stage. Outbreak of war: what were Hitler’s war aims in 1939? Impact of Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939 (division of Eastern Europe, etc.)
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Divided Europe EUH 3206 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1939-1968
First Stage • Outbreak of war: what were Hitler’s war aims in 1939? • Impact of Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939 (division of Eastern Europe, etc.) • Allied response to invasion of Poland. • Russo-Finnish war/Scandinavian interlude
Stage 2 • Western Offensive, May 1940 • Battle for Britain: A turning point? • Italy’s parallel war: Mussolini an asset or liability? African theater of war. • Britain stands alone? US/British relations up to 1941. • Operation Barbarossa: How does it change the course of the war?
The “Inner War” • Internal developments: Creating (colonizing) a “New Europe”; resistance movements; German hegemony in Europe; Life behind the lines; Women at War; role of intelligence and industrial productivity; the Holocaust and crimes against humanity.
Turning points • U.S. enters the war, 1941 • Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-43 (Kursk, etc.) • North African campaign/Italy defeated, 1941-1943 • Opening a second front, 1944: Operation Overlord and Bagration.
Politics of War • War-time conferences • Events: Warsaw uprising of 1944. • Manhattan project • Role of personalities: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, etc.
End of War • Defeating Germany, 1944-1945: Significance of final battles (Arnhem, Bulge, Berlin) • Europe transformed: origins of Cold War • Greek Civil War, 1946-1949; Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift, 1948-49
Cold War, cont. • Western democracies: Great Britain, France, and Italy – 1945-1965 • Two Germanys – 1945-1965 • Cold War after Stalin, 1953-1965 • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” • Suez Crisis, 1956, Hungarian Uprising, 1956 • Berlin Crises, 1958-1961 (Berlin Wall) • Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 • Czechoslovakian Crisis, 1968