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Protozoan Groups

Protozoan Groups. Not quite an animal but close enough . Phyla. Sarcomastigophora Flagellate Ameboid Ciliophora ciliates Apicomplexa sporozoans. General Characteristics. Unicellular Mainly microscopic No organs but have specialized organelles. Habitat. Found wherever life exists

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Protozoan Groups

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  1. Protozoan Groups Not quite an animal but close enough

  2. Phyla • Sarcomastigophora • Flagellate • Ameboid • Ciliophora • ciliates • Apicomplexa • sporozoans

  3. General Characteristics • Unicellular • Mainly microscopic • No organs but have specialized organelles

  4. Habitat • Found wherever life exists • Highly adaptable

  5. Symbiotic Relationships • Mutualistic • ++ • Both partners benefit • Commensalistic • +0 • One partner benefits, no effect on the other • Parasitic • +- • One partner benefits at the expense of the other

  6. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Houses and protects DNA • Contains nucleolus • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope • Protozoans often contain more than one nucleus • Macronucleus • Micronucleus

  7. Cell Membrane • Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) • Thin and flexible • Protects/ supports • Phospholipid bilayer • Transport proteins • Regulates flow (food, water, and waste)

  8. Cytoplasm • Extends from nucleus to cell membrane • Jelly like • Helps support the organelles • Cytoskeleton • Microtubules • Micro fibers

  9. Cytoskeleton • Microtubules and microfilaments • Provide structure • skeleton • Important for mitosis and organelle movement • Train tracks

  10. Cytoplasm • Ectoplasm • Cytoplasm which appears granular and contains the nucleus and organelles • Gel state • Endoplasm • Cytoplasm which appears transparent and bears the base of cilia or flagella • Sol state

  11. Locomotion • Cilia and flagella • Pseudopodia • Sliding microtubule hypothesis

  12. Cillia and Flagella • Interchangeable terms • 9+2 structure • Axoneme • Kinetosome

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh_yjLppNAg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md0PtdRxXvw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6hMysTA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QwXiYOBhZU

  14. Pseudopodia • Chief means of locomotion for amebas • Lobopodia • Large blunt extensions of the cell body containing both endo and ectoplasm • Filopodia • Thin extensions, usually branching and contain only ectoplasm • Recticulopodia • Repeatedly rejoin to form a netlike mesh • Axopodia • Thin and supported by axial rods of microtubules

  15. Psuedopodia cont… • Hyaline cap • Extension of the ectoplasm which starts the psuedopodia

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk

  17. Excretion and Osmoregulation • Contractile vacuole • osmoregulation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pahUt0RCKYc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPnXIvprb_w

  18. Nutrition • Autotrophs • Heterotrophs • Phagotrophs or Holozoic • Ingests visible food particles • Osmotrophs or Saprozoic • Ingests food in a soluble form • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh_yjLppNAg

  19. Asexual Reproduction • Fission • Binary • Two identical individuals form • Budding • Progeny is smaller than parent but grows to adult size • Multiple fission • A number of individuals are produced • Schizogony • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZ_4PIKsL6c

  20. Sexual reproduction • Conjugation • Exchange of gametic nuclei between paired organisms • Gametes • Isogametes • Ansiogametes • Fertilization • Syngamy • Autogamy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwqBsRtciX8

  21. Survival • Cysts • Tough dormant forms

  22. Protozoan Phyla

  23. Phyla RetortamonadaPhyla Axostylata • Largely parasites • Lack both mitochondria and golgi bodies

  24. Giardialamblia • Giardiasis (giardia) • Soil, food or water contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

  25. Phylum Chlorophyta • Plant-like • Autotrophic • Contain chloroplasts • Colonial forms • Sexual and a sexual reproduction

  26. Phylum Euglenozoa • Stigma- eyespot • Photosynthetic

  27. Phyla Apicomplexa • Endoparasites • No special means of locomotion • Toxoplasmagondii

  28. Plasmodium • Malaria • Carried by Anopholese mosquito • Symptoms • Fever • Chills • Flu-like symptoms • 2010 • 219 cases • 660,000 deaths

  29. Phylum Ciliophora • Most structurally diverse group • Have cillia • Macronucleus • Day to day activities • Metabolic and developmental functions • Micronucleus • participate in sexual reproduction

  30. Phylum Dinoflagellata • Dinoflagellates • Feeding • Photoautotrophic-green • Heterotrophic- clear • “Red tide”

  31. Amebas • No classification • 3 types • Rhizopodan • Foraminiferans • Actinopodans

  32. Rhizopodan amoebas • Slow streams and ponds • Require Substratum • Feeding • Phagocytosis • Reproduction • Binary fission

  33. Entamoebahistolytica • Parasite in humans • Lives in the large intestine • Amebic dysentery • Spread by contaminated food or water

  34. Foraminiferan Amoebas • Ancient group • Shelled amoebas • Calcium carbonate • Found in all oceans • Mostly the Atlantic Ocean • Sand and ocean floor

  35. Actinopodans • Move by axopodia • Shell • Silica (glass)

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