1 / 16

Punctuation

Punctuation. Commas. RULE 1 : Use a comma to separate items in a series: She traveled to London, Paris, Rome and Madrid. I studied for the test in homeroom, on the bus, and at home. ***Don’t use a comma before the first item or after the last item in a series!***

rhett
Télécharger la présentation

Punctuation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Punctuation

  2. Commas • RULE 1: Use a comma to separate items in a series: • She traveled to London, Paris, Rome and Madrid. • I studied for the test in homeroom, on the bus, and at home. • ***Don’t use a comma before the first item or after the last item in a series!*** • When and, or, or nor joins the last two items, the comma may be optional. • If all items in a series have a conjunction connecting them, do not use commas: • She traveled to London and Paris and Rome and Madrid.

  3. Commas • RULE 2: Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun: • Katherine is a creative, talented dancer. • Did you see that boring, silly, worthless movie Macgruber? • Do not use a comma before the final adjective if the adjective is considered part of the noun: • We strung colorful Chinese lanterns around the yard. • Do not separate modifiers of adjectives: • He wore a bright red hat.

  4. Commas • RULE 3: Use a comma before a conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) when it connects independent clauses. • The sky looks clear yet rain is in the forecast. • I ordered the salad and Bob ordered a burger. • Dave wanted to watch the Super Bowl and the Pro Bowl. • Ashley and I looked everywhere for sheet music but couldn’t find it. • Ashley and I looked everywhere for sheet music but we couldn’t find it.

  5. RULE 4: Use commas to separate any nonessential information from the rest of the sentence. • Emilia Oritz, who lives across the street from me, won a scholarship to Harvard University. • The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is sometimes called the Athens of America. • Born in Detroit, Robert Hayden was educated at the University of Michigan and became a distinguished professor.

  6. The sophomores who made the honor roll were listed in the newspaper. • Library books that have been lost must be replaced. • Marla’s sister who is in college sent her a sweatshirt. • Two poems by Homer are in our literature books.

  7. RULE 5 – Use a comma to set off introductory elements. • Mild exclamations: Sure, I’ll go with you! • Participles: Shivering, Kate walked in the room. • Prep. Phrases: During the long ride home, we slept. • If clauses: If you want to go to the party, you have to clean your room. • Adverb clause: When you go to school, you should go awake and ready to learn.

  8. Semicolons! • 1. Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are similar but NOT joined by a conjunction. • I like pizza. The ones with pepperoni are my favorite. • I like pizza, and the ones with pepperoni are my favorite. • I like pizza; the ones with pepperoni are my favorite!

  9. 2. Use a semicolon to join independent clauses already joined by a conjunctive adverb or transitional expression (page 724). • The speech was long; consequently, many fell asleep. • Students love school;however, they are ready to graduate.

  10. 3. Use a semicolon to join items in a series that contain commas: • She went to Paris, France, Barcelona, Spain, Rome, Italy, and London, England. • She went to Paris, France; Barcelona, Spain; Rome, Italy; and London, England.

  11. 4. Use a semicolon to join independent clauses that contain commas: • He wrote the books Night, Dawn, and Day, but Elie Wiesel, the Holocaust survivor, is best known for winning the Nobel Peace Prize. • He wrote the books Night, Dawn, and Day; but Elie Wiesel, the Holocaust survivor, is best known for winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

  12. Complete 1-5 on Exercise 1 (page 725) and 6-10 on Exercise 2 (pages 726-727)

  13. COLONS • Use a colon to mean “note what follows” • 1. Use a colon before a list of items when it does not awkwardly end the sentence. • Correct: We went to the store and bought the following items: oranges, apples, and bananas. • Incorrect: We went to the store and bought: apples, oranges, and bananas. • Because you wouldn’t end a sentence after “bought,” don’t put a colon there. • Usually the words “the following” or “as follows” will be used for clarity.

  14. 2. Use a colon before a long, formal statement or quotation. • Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address reads: “Fourscore and seven years ago, our forefathers…” • 3. Use a colon before a statement that clarifies or further explains a preceding statement. • He deserves a raise: He completed all work early! (Notice that the second idea begins with a capital letter!)

  15. 4. Use a colon in the conventional ways. • Between the hour and minute in time – 6:15 p.m. • Between the chapter and verse(s) in Bible references – Psalms 25:6-10 • Between a title and subtitle – Star Wars: The Next Generation • After the greeting in a business letter – Dear Members of the School Board:

  16. Ex. 3 page 730-731

More Related