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Settling North AMerica : The Colonial Roots of Government in America. Unit 2: Becoming America RUSH Mrs. Baker. Do-It-Now: Columbus in His Own Words.
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Settling North AMerica:The Colonial Roots of Government in America Unit 2: Becoming America RUSH Mrs. Baker
Do-It-Now:Columbus in His Own Words Cristoforo Columbo, or Christopher Columbus, kept a detailed log (diary) of his voyages. Here are some words he wrote about his first contact with Amerindians (native peoples) of the Caribbean. • October 24, 1492: All my world maps and globes strongly suggest that the island of Japan is in this region. I am certain that Cuba and Japan are one and the same. • November 11, 1492: Beyond doubt this country contains a great amount of gold. It also has precious gems and pearls, and all manner of spices. • December 16, 1492: These Indians have no weapons and no clothes, and they know nothing about weapons and are very timid. A thousand of them would not stand up to three of our soldiers. Write a sentence below for each quotation that explains what factual mistakes Columbus is making.
Reasons for European Exploration The 3 G’s & 2 S’s GOLD Silk GOD Spices Glory
North America – Native Americans Three Worlds Meet Europeans Transatlantic Encounters Africans
Impact of Collision The New Destroys the Old
Do-It-Now:Reasons for Colonies __________ 1. Friars set up missions to Christianize native people. __________ 2. Merchants organized expeditions looking for opportunities to make money through trade. __________ 3. This country established a few settlements to promote its dominant ocean-shipping interests __________ 4. Individual conquistadors searched for gold and glory for themselves and for their monarch(s). __________ 5. Individuals carried on a profitable fur trade while living among the Native Americans. __________ 6. Later, this country established settlements whose colonists would provide raw materials for trade.
#1: Create a Colonizing Company • Joint-stock companies: • Business in which investors pool their wealth in support of a colony, that would, hopefully, create a profit.
#2…Request a Charter • Charter: Provides legal authority to companies or individuals to start a colony • Corporate charter: • Colony is under the direct control of the company granted to the charter • Proprietary charter: • One or more private land owners retain the rights to the land granted under the charter. • Royal colony: • Under the direct control of the British government. • Most colonies became royal colonies after 1730.
England’s 1st permanent settlement The Virginia Company Settles at Jamestown
The Virginia Company • In 1606, King James granted a corporate charter to the joint stock company. • Granted permission to create a colony in North America. • Goal of company… • Discover a colony along the eastern shores of North America
Coming to North America • Late 1606 VA Co. sends out 3 ships • Spring 1607 land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay. • Attacked by Indians and move on. • May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River • Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.
A Disastrous Start… • The early hardships of Jamestown settlers included… • Poor land selection • James River was surrounded by swamp land • Disease • Water surrounding the colony was contaminated • “Starving Time” • Resulted from colonists unaccustomed to manual labor • Refused to clear fields, plant crops, or gather shellfish • Refused to hunt because they were busy seeking gold • Led to famine in the colony • Poor relations with Natives
From Disaster to Survival • “Brown Gold” • Tobacco • John Rolfe established the tobacco industry in the Chesapeake region. • Great demand in England • Strategies used to produce tobacco • Headright system • 50 acres of land was granted to anyone who paid their own way or another’s passage to Virginia. • Introduction of plantations on North America • Indentured servants • Hired to work on the plantations • In exchange for passage, food and shelter • Individual agreed to work for a specific term • Usually 4 to 7 years.
The Introduction of African Slaves • First group arrived in 1619 aboard a Dutch merchant ship. • Initially were treated as indentured servants • Eventually Africans received land and freedom. • Use of the slavery system would not begin for several decades. • Reason – cheaper to purchase an indentured servant instead of slave for a tobacco plantation.
Jamestown = First Permanent settlement in the New World
A “New” Colony in the North The Settling of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
Two Groups Arrive… • Different beliefs…Same Reason Religious Persecution
First to land – The Pilgrims • A missed landing… • Supposed to land in the Chesapeake region near Jamestown… • Landed 700 miles to the North in the New England region.
Mayflower Compact, 1620 • Before stepping onto shore… • Pilgrim men signed a compact, or agreement, in which they created a civil government and pledged loyalty to the king. • Key ideas of document: “Just and equal laws…for the general good of the colony.”
Mayflower Compact, 1620 • Document became a landmark of American democratic government. Established first form of SELF GOVERNMENT in the colonies
Who were the Pilgrims???? • Originally known as Separatists • Religious group which did not believe in reforming the Church of England. • Formed their own independent congregations with their own ministers. • Results of belief = Religious persecution
Pilgrims in America • Established second permanent colony. • Struggled to survive the harsh New England winter. • Half of the original 100 colonists died during the first winter. • Original colonists included women and children. • Befriended Natives who helped them survived winter and in the fall of 1621… • Celebrated the first Thanksgiving.
After the Pilgrims Came… The Puritans Followed
Where did They Land? • Landed in September 1630 • Established Massachusetts Bay Colony • Port town of Boston became the capital.
Who were the Puritans? • Background • Origins stem from the English Reformation • Goal • PURIFY the Anglican church by eliminating all traces of Roman Catholic influence • Believed every Puritan should experience God directly through prayer, faith and the study of the Bible.
Reasons for Puritan Migration • Puritans want to escape: • Religious intolerance (persecution) • Political repression • Dismal economic conditions • Puritans want to establish a model new society • Described as a “City upon a Hill” Puritans believed their refuge lied in America
Who Lead the Puritans? • Secondary Source Reading Analysis: John Winthrop – Man of Principle, Man of God • What did John Winthrop mean by call the colony a “city upon a hill”? • Why did Winthrop leave his advantages in England for uncertainty in Massachusetts? • On what basis did Winthrop reject democracy, and what does it show about his political beliefs?
Within the First Year of Colonization • 17 ships arrived at port. • Almost 1,000 English men, women and children arrived. • Puritan and non-Puritan. • Migration was greater in size and more thorough in planning than all previous North American expeditions. • Plymouth colony was eventually incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Government In Massachusetts Bay • System of self-government evolved so did the close relationship between the government and the Puritan church. • Civic officials were members of the Puritan church who believed they were God’s “elect,” or chosen • Had duty to carry out God’s will
Dissent in the Puritan Community Roger Williams Founder of Rhode Island • Roger Williams = extreme separatist • Controversial views • Believed English settlers had no right to claim land from Natives unless purchased. • Declared government officials had no right to punishment settlers for their religious beliefs. • Result: • Williams fled MA before he was arrested and sent back to England. • Established new colony called Providence which became Rhode Island
Dissent in the Puritan Community Anne Hutchinson Banished for Illegal Practices • Strict Puritans believed she posed a greater threat than Williams. • She held Bible readings at her home. • Her readings taught worshippers that they neither needed ministers or the church to interpret the Bible. • Banished in 1638. • Moved to Rhode Island with family and followers
Native Resistance • Work ethic of Puritans lead to rapid colonial expansion in New England. • Expansion leads to conflicts with Natives over land. • Pequot War • Fought in Connecticut when the Pequot nation decided to stand up against the colonists. • Lead to almost near destruction of the tribe. • King Philip’s War • Attempt of Native’s to wipe out the invaders of their land. • Used hit-and-run tactics • Attacked outlying settlements. • War raged for over a year which was mutually brutal and destructive. • Ended when the Native were finally worn down.
Do-It-Now:Comparing Jamestown & Plymouth • Plymouth and Jamestown were the first two permanent English settlements in North America. Both were settled by people from England. Some thing about these settlements, which became the foundations of two colonies, were similar. Other things were different. Label each statement below with a J if it applies to Jamestown and/or P if it applies to Plymouth. Many colonists died during the first winter. Colonists expected and were willing to work hard Governed by a set of rules colonists agreed to among themselves. Located in a swampy place with poor drinking water Colonists expected to gather gold with little effort. Colonists came to practice their religion in the way they wanted to. Relations with Native Americans were usually poor.
The Results Are… What are the results of mercantilism & salutary neglect on the colonies?
Do-It-Now:Defining Key Ideas • Define the following key terms in your own words using less than 12 words for each. • Mercantilism: • Salutary Neglect:
Differing Colonial Sections • Define the following words: • Agriculture: • Commercial (Commerce):
