1. Pulse Oximetrysimply put

2. Objectives: • What is pulse oximetry? • What do pulse oximeters measure? • What Oxygen Saturation (SAT) is? • How does the pulse oximeter work? • What factors can interfere with the pulse oximeter?

3. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive  method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation  (SO2) 

5. Pulse oximeters are in common use because : • non invasive • cheap to buy and use • can be very compact • detect hypoxemia earlier than you using your eyes to see cyanosis.

6. Oxygen Saturation We all know that we need oxygen for life

7. Oxygen enters the lungs and then is passed on into blood. The blood carries the oxygen to the various organs in our body. The main way oxygen is carried in our blood is by means of hemoglobin. You can imagine hemoglobin molecules( Hb) as “cars” and the “roads” being our blood vessels. The oxygen molecules get into these cars and travel around the body till they reach their destination.

8. Let us consider these ” hemoglobin cars”. Oxygen saturation simply refers to the percentage of the available hemoglobin that carries oxygen. Take the situations below. There are 16 hemoglobin units and none of the 16 have oxygen. The oxygen saturation is therefore 0 %.

9. Here, 8 of the 16 Hb have oxygen The oxygen saturation is therefore 50 %

10. Similarly for 75 % …

11. And of course , when all the Hb have oxygen, the saturation is 100 % So in summary, oxygen saturation tells you the percentage of the total hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen

12. How pulse oximeters work

13. • Light – bright light • Shivering – movement • Pulse volume • Vasoconstriction • Carbon monoxide poisoning

15. Resources: • http://www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/pulse_oximetry/who_ps_pulse_oxymetry_training_manual_en.pdf • www.howequipmentworks.com/pulse_oximeter/ • http://www.ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-6757(99)90019-0/pdf • http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Citation/1989/03000/Principles_of_Pulse_Oximetry__Theoretical_and.35.aspx