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Timeline

Timeline. 1780’s Beginning of activity 1781 Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason 1808 Faust (Part 1) by Goethe 1820’s Schubert composes his most famous works 1830 Death of Sardanapalus by Delacroix 1834 London rebuilt in Gothic style 1850 End of Dominance of Romanticism. Outline.

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Timeline

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  1. Timeline • 1780’s Beginning of activity • 1781 Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason • 1808 Faust (Part 1) by Goethe • 1820’s Schubert composes his most famous works • 1830 Death of Sardanapalus by Delacroix • 1834 London rebuilt in Gothic style • 1850 End of Dominance of Romanticism

  2. Outline • What is Romanticism? • Romantic themes • Romantic artists • Impact of Romanticism

  3. I. What is Romanticism? • An artistic and intellectual opposition to the Enlightenment and its reliance on reason and logic. 1 2 3 4

  4. I. Roots of Romanticism • Individualism • Renaissance • Reformation • Spirituality • constriction posed by rationality • expression through emotion • Reaction to Enlightenment • Enlightenment had failed… • Reason and rationality led to 25 years of conflict 1 2 3 4

  5. I. Manifestations of Romanticism • primarily an artistic movement • change in subjects • opposition to neoclassical • carefully organized visual space, precise objects • Greek and Roman themes • mythology • move to themes designed to evoke emotions. 1 2 3 4

  6. II. Romantic Themes • Nature • Mysterious past • Emotion • Religion. 1 2 3 4

  7. II. Nature • Nature was created by God • Should to be experienced directly, not controlled or manipulated through scientific experiments • Man is small and insignificant compared to God and his/her works • Nature was viewed as a wild violent force beyond human control or understanding • Human society seen as organic, not mechanical or categorical (rejection of logic/reason/rationality). 1 2 3 4

  8. The Wanderer - Freidrich, 1818 1 2 3 4

  9. 1 2 3 4

  10. Sea of Ice - Friedrich 1 2 3 4

  11. II. The Mysterious Past • Celebration of • the non-classical past “The more remote these times the more magical they appeared.” • the mystical and non-rational • lost, historical ideas/places/people • fascination with: dreams, hallucinations, sleepwalking, and phenomenon suggesting a world beside that empirically observed. • Again, the empirical/rational world is rejected 1 2 3 4

  12. Tintern Abbey – Turner, 1792 1 2 3 4

  13. The Death of Sardanapoulus – Delacroix, 1827 1 2 3 4

  14. II. Emotion • Reject the unemotional art of the neoclassicalists • dramatic subjects outside those traditionally depicted • centrality of death and mortality • art should nurture creative energies “If man is ever to solve the problems of politics in practice he will have to approach it through the problem of the aesthetic, because it is only through beauty that man makes his way to freedom.” - Friedrich Schiller, German Poet 1 2 3 4

  15. II. Emotion • Basically, FEEL something! Don’t be logical and rational all the time! 1 2 3 4

  16. The Barque of Dante – Delacroix, 1822 1 2 3 4

  17. The massacre at Chios - Delacroix 1 2 3 4

  18. Raft of the Medusa - Gericault 1 2 3 4

  19. II. Religion • Opposite view from the Revolution and Enlightenment • religion is seen as basic to human nature • faith seen as a superior way to knowledge • Tied to nature • Nature viewed as sacred • Experience it directly for spiritual growth 1 2 3 4

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  22. Cloister Cemetery in the snow – Friedrich -1817-19 1 2 3 4

  23. II. Thematic Summary • Ultimate art combines: religion, nature and mystery to produce emotion. 1 2 3 4

  24. III. Johann Goethe(1749-1832) • Author, Poet • The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) • story of man who loves the wife of another, after split with woman, he commits suicide • focuses on emotions and is outside polite society’s bounds • Faust (Part I) (1808) • deal with the Devil to better understand human nature, seduces Gretchen, she dies • Faust (Part II) (1832) • strange adventures, at end dedicates life to helping improve humankind, rewarded. 1 2 3 4

  25. III. William Blake(1757-1827) • Views poet as a seer and poetry as a translated vision • 1790’s depression because unable to see the world as he believed it to be • materialism pulls away from spiritual values • childlike vision of the world is better than experience. 1 2 3 4

  26. III. William Blake The Great Red Dragon and the woman clothed in the sun – 1806-9 1 2 3 4

  27. III. William Wordsworth(1770-1850) • Poet • work explores the interaction of the common people in nature • children have better view of world because are closer to immortal beginning • aging and urban living corrupt and deaden the imagination. 1 2 3 4

  28. III. Sir Walter Scott(1771-1832) • Author, composer • best known in his time period for his ballads • starts career writing romances, then historical • novels cover Scotland, the Middle Ages up to the Reformation • Ivanhoe • broke at end of life. 1 2 3 4

  29. III. George Byron (Lord Byron)(1788-1824) • Poet • wastrel and womanizer • Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage • notion of “Byronic Hero” • Don Juan • dies a “romantic death”. Lord Byron in Algerian dress 1 2 3 4

  30. III. Ludwig von Beethoven(1770-1827) • considered the best composer in Western tradition • Odd numbered symphonies • child prodigy • pushes the bounds of European music • starts losing hearing by middle age. 1 2 3 4

  31. III. Franz Schubert(1797-1828) • romantic masterpieces • uses romantic themes - death, love • tells stories of the human condition. 1 2 3 4

  32. III. Richard Wagner(1813-1883) • changes in operas • best known for his music dramas • Der Ring des Nibelungen: Ragnarok • Tristan & Isolde: love story of his life • Parsifal: German Holy Grail • political radical: involvement in revolution • becomes focal point for German nationalism. 1 2 3 4

  33. IV. Impact of Romanticism • Popular movement stressing emotion • Methodism and John Wesley • Pietism in Germany • contrast with formalistic Anglican and Lutheran • Architecture • Popular culture • sentimentalization of family • sensuality of waltz • seances • Image of women. 1 2 3 4

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