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THE COLD WAR: Communism Spreads Into Asia

THE COLD WAR: Communism Spreads Into Asia. COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA. Communists Take Power in China. Chinese Civil War: Before World War II, the Chinese were fighting a brutal civil war Chinese Communists vs. Chinese Nationalists

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THE COLD WAR: Communism Spreads Into Asia

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  1. THE COLD WAR:Communism Spreads Into Asia

  2. COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA

  3. Communists Take Power in China • Chinese Civil War: • Before World War II, the Chinese were fighting a brutal civil war • Chinese Communists vs. Chinese Nationalists • During WWII these two groups temporarily united to fight the Japanese…but they continued to try to gain power in China

  4. Communists Take Power in China • Communists • Mao Zedong = Leader of Communists • Won loyalty of peasants through promoting literacy & improving food production • By 1945 Communists controlled most of northernChina

  5. Communists Take Power in China • Nationalists • Jiang Jieshi (also known as Chang Kai-shek) = Leader of Nationalists • Dominated southwestern China • U.S. sent financial aid to Nationalists to help fight Japanese BUT…fought very little against Japanese

  6. Communists Take Power in China • Civil war resumed when World War II ended • U.S. continued to back Nationalists with aid, but they lacked support of people – China fell to Communists

  7. Communists Take Power in China • TWO CHINAS: • Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan and establish a new gov’t (with help of US) called the Republic of China • Mao Zedong/Communists gain control of China and establish People’s Republic of China • Soviets give financial, military, and technical aid to Communist China

  8. THE KOREAN WAR: The Forgotten War

  9. The Korean War • End of WWII • North Korea • Occupied by Soviet Union • Communist • South Korea • Occupied by United States • Non-Communist • Divided by 38th parallel 38th PARALLEL

  10. Korean War Begins • 1950, North Koreans (with help from Soviets) invaded South Korea • South Korea asked the United States and the United Nations for help • US helps out under General MacArthur

  11. Then… • UN forces push N. Korea across the 38th Parallel • Neared China… • So the CHINESE army joined North Korean forces • Why are they helping N. Korea?

  12. Results? • A cease-fire agreement was signed in July, 1953 • More than 2.5 million people were dead • GET THIS: • The border between the two Koreas was still drawn at the 38th Parallel! 38th PARALLEL

  13. Today

  14. The Vietnam War

  15. Background • 1900s – France controlled Vietnam • Nationalist Leader Ho Chi Minh asked for communist help • France then fought the combined Nationalist and Communist forces • United States supported France • French surrendered to Ho Chi Minh

  16. Division • Peace Conference • Vietnam was divided at 17th parallel • North – Communism • South – anti-Communist • Sound familiar? • Vietcong – communist guerillas who continued to fight for power in south • Should the U.S. get involved?

  17. Division • U.S. saw a rising threat to the rest of Asia… • The Domino Theory: Idea that if a nation falls to communism, nearby nations will also fall to communism

  18. U.S. Troops Enter Fight • 2 US boats were allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese (didn’t happen) • 1964: Congress authorized president to send in troops • By 1965, more than 185,000 U.S. soldiers in Vietnam • By 1968 – more than ½ a million!

  19. U.S. Troops Enter Fight • US had most advanced military in the world BUT… • Guerrilla war in unfamiliar jungle territory • South Vietnamese gov’t became unpopular • War unpopular in the US

  20. Result • US troops gradually pulled out • Last left in 1973 • 1.5 million Vietnamese dead • 58,000 Americans dead • Saigon capital became: • “Ho Chi Minh City” • Communist today • However, trade is welcomed there

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