1 / 23

Introduction to Functional Groups

23.1. Introduction to Functional Groups.

rpitman
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to Functional Groups

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 23.1 Introduction to Functional Groups • From a distance, the musicians in an orchestra may look alike, but each musician contributes a unique sound. In a similar way, one hydrocarbon is nearly identical to another until it picks up a functional group. You will learn how functional groups determine the character of organic compounds.

  2. 23.1 Functional Groups • Organic compounds can be classified according to their functional groups.

  3. functional group- • is a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.

  4. 23.1 Ref. Table R

  5. 23.1 Functional Groups • The hydrocarbon skeletons in the components of these products are chemically similar. Functional groups give each product unique properties and uses.

  6. 23.1 Halogen Substituents • A halocarbon is a carbon-containing compound with a halogen substituent.

  7. halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an aliphatic chain are called alkyl halides.

  8. 23.1 Halogen Substituents • Halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an arene ring are called aryl halides.

  9. 23.1 Halogen Substituents • The figure below shows the IUPAC names, structural formulas, and space-filling models for three simple hydrocarbons.

  10. 23.1 Halogen Substituents

  11. 23.1 Halogen Substituents

  12. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • Substitution Reactions • How may halocarbons be prepared?

  13. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • A halogen can replace a hydrogen atom on an alkane to produce a halocarbon.

  14. A common type of organic reaction is a substitution reaction, in which an atom, or a group of atoms, replaces another atom or group of atoms.

  15. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • A Generalized Equation and a Specific One

  16. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • Treating benzene with a halogen in the presence of a catalyst causes the substitution of a hydrogen atom in the ring.

  17. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • Halogens on carbon chains are readily displaced by hydroxide ions to produce an alcohol and a salt. The general reaction is as follows.

  18. 23.1 Substitution Reactions • Halocarbons also undergo substitution reactions.

  19. 23.1 Section Quiz. • 1. Organic molecules are classified according to their

  20. 23.1 Section Quiz • 2. What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH2BrCH2CH2Br?

  21. 23.1 Section Quiz • 3. Which reaction will produce a halocarbon? • hydrogenation of an alkyl halide • substitution reaction of a halogen with an alkane • reaction of potassium hydroxide with an aryl halide • reaction of sodium hydroxide with an alkyl halide

  22. 23.1 Section Quiz • 4. In a substitution reaction, one of the products formed when CH3CH2Br and OH- ions react is

  23. END OF SHOW

More Related