building a nation “ The era of good feelings” NATIONALISM AND NATION-BUILDING part I: 1800 -- 1820

1. building a nation“The era of good feelings”NATIONALISM AND NATION-BUILDINGpart I: 1800 -- 1820

2. EXPANSION AND MIGRATION Extending the Boundaries The Adams-Onis Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty with Spain 1817) US acquires Florida and a new boundary in the West along the Sabine, the Red, and the Arkansas River Interest in West grew as the fur trade became popular and the idea of the rugged “mountain man” spread throughout the country!

3. EXPANSION AND MIGRATION settlement to the Mississippi Settlers push westward--------Native American are displaced Squatters Rights: Granted squatters the right to buy the frontier land they had already improved at the minimum price. As settlers needs grew, local marketing centers grew…….growth of cities! The people and culture of the frontier • Settlers brought with them elements of their “civilized” eastern culture • Attracted to more land, many pulled up and moved further west! • The American Frontier was popularized by the Romantic Era

4. transportation and the market economy A revolution in transportation: roads and steamboats • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat (1807)revolutionized the America’s transit the canal boom • In an attempt to link the Great Lakes, the first of the canals was built in 1825

5. transportation and the market economy emergence of the market economy • The availability of good farmland, increasing demand for cotton, the invention of the cotton gin, and slave labor made the South the world’s greatest cotton producer! Promoted Regionalism in the United States! commerce and banking • Extension of credit by local merchants and manufacturers leads to a higher demand for money. RESULT: a rapid growth of state and private banks! Early industrialism The surge of the Market Economy caused an increase in the growth of industry and factories. The first industry to grow was the textile industry……..cotton!!!!!!

6. politics of nation building Republicans in power • Henry Clay’s American System was designed to create a strong, stable economy that bolstered national unity as well as making the country self-sufficient3 Major Components • Est. of protective tariff: designed to limit foreign goods entering the country. Northerners welcomed it, Southerners resented it. • Est. of the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) in 1816: most regions had their own currency and business transactions were difficult: BUS provided a national currency. • Development of transportation systems (As shown on previous slides) Monroe as president Background Info: Napoleon is defeated, Spain and Portugal want to reclaim lands in America’s. Russia (Occupied Alaska), wanted to move into N. California. This would threaten American trade with China. Result: MONROE DOCTRINE: Eastern Hemi stays away from Western Hemi and Vice-Versa

7. politics of nation building the Missouri compromise • As America pushed westward, new states had to be formed! The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 laid out a system for a territory to become a state. • By 1819, the Union consisted of 10 Free and 10 Slave States.Question: What would be the potential problem if a new state was to be admitted? SLAVE OR FREE…….UNBALANCE IN CONGRESS • Solution: MISSOURI COMPROMISE….war maybe avoided!!!!! Maine will be admitted as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state LA Territory would then use the 36’30’ line as a boundary for future admittance into the Union

8. politics of nation building postwar nationalism and the supreme court • The Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall expanded the powers of the federal government and made great contributions to nationalism! Major Court Rulings: Limiting State Power • Fletcher v Peck (1810) Nullified a Georgia law declaring it unconstitutional • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) state may not interfere with contracts Strengthening Government Economic Control • McCulloch v Maryland (1819) declared BUS constitutional. States could not levy taxes on BUS • Gibbons v Ogden (1824) Federal government has the power to regulate interstate trade THE END OF THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS WAS SOON TO BE OVER! THE SLEEPING SERPENT WAS ABOUT TO BE AWOKEN!

9. building a nationTHE TRIUMPH OF WHITE MEN’S DEMOCRACYpart Ii: 1820 -- 1840

10. democracy in theory and practice the democratic ferment: an age of agitation Democracy: a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free voting system. Background Information: • Most state eliminated property ownership for voting requirements • Public political involvement swelled and a two-party system became permanent • Concerns: Economic ?’s (Panic of 1819) Role of Federal Government • Producers as well as laborers became organized (unions) in interest of promoting individual rights • Abolitionists fought to end slavery and promote women’s rights

11. democracy in theory and practice democracy and society Social Equality became the dominant principle of the time Social Privilege was no longer a requirement for success, Industrialization increased inequality in terms of wealth and opportunity Alexis de Tocqueville: “Self-Made men could now rise in stature.”

12. Jackson and the politics of democracy the election of 1824 and j.q. Adams administration Jackson Rises to National Fame: • Here of the Battle of New Orleans • Result of Popular Sovereignty: authority based on popular support Jackson wins popular vote but loses presidential election to Adams Rumors of a “corrupt bargain between Adams and Clay, as well as problems with tariffs being placed on imported goods. “I weep for the Liberty of my country,” The “rights of the people have been bartered for promises of office.”

13. Jackson and the politics of democracy Jackson comes to power Massive public turnout Jackson is supported by the newly formed Democratic Party ---Formerly known as the Jeffersonian Republicans--- Endorsed the “Spoils System” • “To the victor go the spoils.” • When Jackson wins the office of the presidency, he hand picked his own supporters to head federal agencies.