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Post Classical Civilizations:

Post Classical Civilizations:. The African Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali. Rise of the African Kingdoms. Around the 5 th century, West Africa saw the rise of a series of powerful kingdoms based on their control of trade routes and fine cavalries.

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Post Classical Civilizations:

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  1. Post Classical Civilizations: The African Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali

  2. Rise of the African Kingdoms • Around the 5th century, West Africa saw the rise of a series of powerful kingdoms based on their control of trade routes and fine cavalries. • For the next 1000 years, their civilizations dominated West Africa—leading to an exchange of ideas, the rise of cities, and increasing wealth.

  3. Kingdom of Ghana (750-1200) • Developed between the Senegal and Niger Rivers. • The people of Ghana used their advanced weapons to conquer neighboring people and to gain control of the trade routes. • The power of the kings of Ghana rested in their ability to tax all trade passing through the region.

  4. Kingdom of Ghana • The rulers built a capital city and governed a wide area through the use of officials and nobles. • The king appointed nobles to govern the provinces in return for paying taxes to the central government. • This system had some similarities to European feudalism.

  5. Kingdom of Ghana • Rulers were also able to use captives of war as slaves. • In 1076, the Ghanaians were invaded by the Muslims from North Africa, and brought in Islam. • Ghana never fully recovered from the invasion and eventually dissolved into several smaller states.

  6. Kingdom of Mali (1240-1400) • In 1240, Mali conquered the old capital of Ghana and established a new empire. • The rulers brought the gold and salt mines under their direct control. • Mali’s rulers converted to Islam. • Mali’s most famous ruler, Mansa Musa, expanded the kingdom greatly.

  7. Kingdom of Mali • Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca and visited Cairo. • He brought back Muslim scholars and architects. • Commissioned a palace and a mosque to be built in Timbuktu, a thriving trade center. • Muslim scholarship flourished and Timbuktu became an important center for several universities.

  8. Kingdom of Mali • Arab travelers like Ibn Battuta were impressed with Mali’s wealth, respect for law and the power of its ruler. • Through the travels and writings of Battuta, we know of Mansa Musa. • The leaders after Mansa Musa were not as capable, and the Mali empire collapsed in the 1400s.

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