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Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution

Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution. Jon Goldberg. Functionality of the Heart. Maintains flow of blood throughout body Supplies nutrients and oxygen Waste transport Pumps via muscle contraction + relaxation to “push” blood. Diagram of the Heart. Problems to Solve.

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Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution

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  1. Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution Jon Goldberg

  2. Functionality of the Heart • Maintains flow of blood throughout body • Supplies nutrients and oxygen • Waste transport • Pumps via muscle contraction + relaxation to “push” blood

  3. Diagram of the Heart

  4. Problems to Solve • Heart Failure • Systolic Dysfunction • Heart does not contract with enough force; less oxygen-rich blood. • Diastolic Dysfunction • Heart contracts, but ventricles do not relax/are stiff; less blood enters the heart.

  5. How to Solve • Complete heart replacement • Mimic “pumping action” of natural hearts • Big and bulky. Mechanical pumping is hard to pull off. • Requires a lot of equipment. • Heart assistance • VAD (Ventricular Assistance Device ) • Left and/or right ventricular assistance.

  6. The LVAD

  7. The Pros of the LVAD • Extremely portable. • Relieves stress on heart. Allows it to perform some repairs. • “Continuously Flowing” requires no pumping.

  8. The Cons • Requires blood thinners to use. • Unplanned hospital readmission • Infections • Device malfunction • Little full-heart-replacement testing

  9. The Full Replacement Story • Young Central-African man receives a LVAD in response to heart failure. • Goes missing for 8 months. • Comes back, heart has failed. Has been living the past months with nothing but the LVAD.

  10. The Full Replacement Story Cont. • Dr. Billy Cohn and Dr. Bud Frazier push the LVAD to full replacement. • Takes 38 calves’ hearts out.

  11. The Future • Full heart replacement looks promising. • Needs more testing + enhancements • 600,000 people die each year due to heart failure. • Dr. Cohn and Dr. Frazier are pushing the Heartmate II. • More experimentation with the Archimedes’ Screw design. • Less “mimicking” of natural pumping, more experimenting with human innovation.

  12. References • http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_failure/page3.htm • http://www.heartfailurematters.org/EN/UnderstandingHeartFailure/Pages/Whatarethedifferenttypesofheartfailure.aspx • http://www.medicotips.com/2010/06/died-of-hear-attack.html • http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/treating-left-ventricular-device • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/vad/ • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/tah/ • http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1204944 • http://abcnews.go.com/Health/texas-man-pioneers-beatless-heart-wave-future/story?id=13838596 • http://www.voanews.com/content/doctors-achieve-milestone-using-artificial-heart-with-no-beat-125085499/171541.html • http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm

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