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Understanding Earthquake Forces: How Stress Shapes Earth's Crust and Landforms

This resource explores the fundamental concepts of stress in Earth's crust, including how it leads to earthquakes and the formation of various geological features. Key questions address the nature of stress and its impact, how faults develop, and how plate tectonics create new landforms such as folded mountains and rift valleys. The text discusses types of stress—tension, compression, and shearing—as well as fault types: normal, reverse, and strike-slip. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into the dynamic processes shaping our planet.

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Understanding Earthquake Forces: How Stress Shapes Earth's Crust and Landforms

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Earthquakes ES 4.1: Forces in Earth’s Crust

  2. Big Questions??? • How does stress change Earth’s crust? • How do faults form? • How does plate movement create new landforms?

  3. Types of Stress (stress adds energy) • Tension: When two plates pull apart • Compression: When two plates come together • Shearing: When two plates slip past each other

  4. Faults (Where Earthquakes occur) • - Stress built up in rock is released to form a fault. • Two sides to a Fault • Hanging Wall: the side of the fault you CAN’T walk down • “Foot”Wall: the side of the fault you CAN walk down

  5. Types of Faults • Normal Fault: Where the hanging wall slips downward and footwall slips upward • Reverse Fault: Where the hanging wall slips upward and the footwall slips downward • Strike-Slip Fault: Where there is no hanging wall or footwall. The two sides slip past each other

  6. Landforms Created by Stress • Compression: Folded Mountains, Anticline & Syncline • Tension: Rift Valleys & Basins

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