Chapter 6

1. Chapter6 Religion

2. Distribution of Religions • Universalizing religions- attempt to appeal to all • Christianity • Islam • Buddhism • Ethnic religions- tends to primarily appeal to one group in one location • Hinduism • Other ethnic religions

3. World Distribution of Religions Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.

4. World Population by Religion Fig. 6-1a: Over two thirds of the world’s population adhere to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.

5. Christian Branches in the U.S. Fig. 6-3: Distribution of Christians in the U.S. Shaded areas are counties with more than 50% of church membership concentrated in Roman Catholicism or one of the Protestant denominations.

6. Variations in Distribution of Religions • Origin of religions • Origin of universalizing religions- Christianity, Islam, and Judaism originated in the Middle East and claim to descend from Abraham. Buddhism originated in India/Nepal with Siddhartha Guatama • Origin of Hinduism- Aryan Tribes North of India invaded and spread the race South into South Asia • Diffusion of religions • Diffusion of universalizing religions • Lack of diffusion of ethnic religions

7. Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Fig. 6-4: Each of the three main universalizing religions diffused widely from its hearth.

8. Diffusion of Christianity Fig. 6-5: Christianity diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued diffusing through Europe after the fall of Rome. It was later replaced by Islam in much of the Mideast and North Africa.

9. Diffusion of Islam Fig. 6-6: Islam diffused rapidly and widely from its area of origin in Arabia. It eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa.

10. Diffusion of Buddhism Fig. 6-7: Buddhism diffused gradually from its origin in northeastern India to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventually China and Japan.

11. Shintoism & Buddhism in Japan Fig. 6-8: Since Japanese can be both Shinto and Buddhist, there are many areas in Japan where over two-thirds of the population are both Shinto and Buddhist.

12. Variations in Distribution of Religions • Holy places • Holy places in universalizing religions • Christianity/Judaism/Islam- Israel • Islam- Most holy Mecca and Medina • Holy places in ethnic religions • The calendar • The calendar in ethnic religions • The calendar in universalizing religions

14. Holy Sites in Buddhism Fig. 6-9: Most holy sites in Buddhism are locations of important events in Buddha’s life and are clustered in northeastern India and southern Nepal.

15. Mecca, Islam’s Holiest City Fig. 6-10: Makkah (Mecca) is the holiest city in Islam and the site of pilgrimage for millions of Muslims each year. There are numerous holy sites in the city.

16. Makkah during the Haj Pilgrimage The Ka’ba stands at the center of the Great Mosque (al-Haran al Sharif) in Makkah.

17. Hindu Holy Places Fig. 6-11: Hierarchy of Hindu holy places: Some sites are holy to Hindus throughout India; others have a regional or sectarian importance, or are important only locally.

18. Ritual Bathing in the Ganges River Hindu pilgrims achieve purification by bathing in the Ganges.

19. The Golden Temple in Amritsar The Golden Temple (Darbar Sahib) in Amritsar, India is the holiest structure for Sikhism.