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World War Looms

World War Looms. Chapter 24. Surges of Nationalism. After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal ended up suffering from economic depression New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them Dictators began to take control

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World War Looms

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  1. World War Looms Chapter 24

  2. Surges of Nationalism • After WWI, many countries attempted to return to normal • ended up suffering from economic depression • New democracies tried to emerge, but people had no confidence in them • Dictators began to take control • used nationalism (loyalty to one’s country) and dreams of territorial expansion • people turned to them to solve economic and social problems

  3. Treaty of Versailles Fails • Treaty caused anger and resentment • Germany was upset at being blamed for WWI • Russia and Germany resented having their territories taken away

  4. Changes In Europe Soviet Union: - Democracy civil war communist - Stalin took over - totalitarian gov’t - agricultural and industrial growth - became 2nd largest industry Germany: - Hitler and Nazi party gain power - German economy was suffering - Wanted racial purification - Wanted to gain back territories - set up Third Reich - sent troops into Rhineland Italy: - Mussolini starts totalitarianregime - set up Fascist Party - wanted to become a world power - took control over all aspects of life -invaded Ethiopia Spain: - Franco rebelled against republic - wanted to spread Fascism - FrancoaidedbyHitler&Mussolini - Soviet Union sent equipment - set up totalitarian gov’t Japan: - Military leaders take control - wanted more territory - took control of Manchuria - Tojo took control

  5. US Isolationism • Americans alarmed by conflicts in Europe • didn’t want US to get involved • Kellogg-Briand Pact – war is not to be used “as an instrument of national policy” • Had no way to enforce it, wasn’t signed by all countries • US feared being drawn into another war • enforced policy of nonintervention • Good Neighbor policy, Reciprocal Trade Agreement

  6. Neutrality Acts • 1 – outlawed weapons sales to nations at war • 2 – outlawed loaning money to nations at war • 3 – banned selling weapons or making loans to nations involved in civil wars • Didn’t last long • 1937 - Japan attacked China • US sent supplies and weapons to China • FDR – Japan didn’t technically declare war, so it’s not against the Neutrality Acts • FDR spoke out against isolationism, wanted to “quarantine” aggressor nations

  7. Lebensraum • Hitler wanted to expand • didn’t care if his actions would provoke a war • Anschluss (union) - Austria • most people living in Austria were German and favored unification • Sudetenland - Czechoslovakia • Hitler accused the Czechs of attacking the Germans • France and Great Britain had promised to aid Czechoslovakia • gave into Hitler because he claimed it was his last territorial demand

  8. Munich Agreement • turned Sudentenland over to Germany • British PM Chamberlain thought it would lead to peace • Churchill thought it was appeasement • Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway • claimed “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist” • wanted Poland as well

  9. Non-Aggression with Soviets • Hitler attempted the same actions with Poland • an attack on Poland may cause conflict with Soviets • France and Britain would come to Poland’s aid • To avoid another 2-front war, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin • agreed not to attack each other • secretly agreed to split Poland between them

  10. Blitzkrieg • Sept 1, 1939 – Luftwaffe (German air force) • bombed Poland • first appearance of the blitzkrieg • takes enemy by surprise and overwhelming force • major fighting was done in 3 weeks • Germany attacked from the west, Soviets from the east • Poland’s allies didn’t have time to help ** Start of WWII **

  11. Sitzkrieg • after the fall of Poland, British and French troops set up along the eastern border of France, waiting for the Germans • German troops sat a few miles away • Referred to as the “phony war”

  12. Germany and Soviet Union expand • Germany: • Denmark • Norway • Netherlands • Belgium • Luxembourg • Soviet Union: • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Finland

  13. Fall of France • Germans sent tanks through France and marched on Paris • chased the British and French troops to the English Channel • Italy entered the war on Germany’s side and invaded France from the south • Germany’s terms of surrender • northern portion of France – Germany • southern portion of France – Nazi controlled gov’t • Charles de Gaulle set up a gov’t in exile in Britain

  14. Battle of Britain • Germans prepared to invade Britain • Germany knew it couldn’t beat the British navy, so they launched the navy and Luftwaffe at the same time • wanted to destroy the Royal Air Force • Radar allowed the RAF to fight at night • Hitler called off the invasion after losing 185+ aircraft

  15. The Holocaust • Watch the video, answer the questions

  16. Moving away from neutrality • FDR knew that he needed to convince America to revise the Neutrality Acts • Proposed a “cash and carry” policy • warring countries can purchase arms if they pay cash and transport in their own ships • FDR argued it would help France and Britain beat Hitler • “cash and carry” wasn’t doing enough, so Roosevelt decided to give France and Britain “all aid short of war” • PM Churchill referred to this as a “decided unneutral act”

  17. Axis Powers • Germany, Italy and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty • each nation would come to each other’s defense in case of attack • This meant that if the US were to declare war, then they would be facing a war from both the Atlantic and Pacific

  18. FDR’s actions in the US • asked Congress to increase defense spending • passed 1st peacetime military draft • men 21-35 years old • FDR was also running for his 3rd term • his opponent also supported aiding Britain and France, so people chose the candidate they were most familiar with • Decided to alert the US that if Britain fell to Hitler, then America would be next

  19. Lend-Lease Plan • FDR promised to lend or lease arms and supplies to any nation whose defense was vital to the defense of the US • Passed by Congress, wanted to aid Britain especially • decided to include the Soviet Union • wanted revenge on Hitler after violating the non-aggression pact

  20. Planning for War • Germany’s U-boats were trying to sink ships carrying supplies for Britain and France • referred to as the “rattlesnakes of the Atlantic” • Atlantic Charter – FDR and Churchill agreed that they would fight the Axis together • 26 nations signed the charter

  21. Invasion of Pearl Harbor • Japan wanted to control East Asia • Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia etc • US and its territories blocked their path, and had placed an oil embargo on Japan • Emperor Hirohito wanted to retain peace with US • General Tojo planned to attack • US knew they were coming, had broke Japan’s codes • warned the bases in the Pacific

  22. Invasion of Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 – Japanese kamikaze pilots attacked Pearl Harbor • in less than 2 hrs the attack was done • killed 2400+ • wounded 1100+ • sank/damaged 21 ships • US didn’t want to fight a war on 2 fronts • knew they needed a strong navy and air force to succeed • December 11, 1941 – US declared war on Japan

  23. REVIEW

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