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Understanding Volcanic Eruptions and Types of Volcanoes

This lesson explores the fascinating world of volcanoes, detailing the causes of eruptions and the characteristics of three main types: ash and cinder cones, shield cones, and composite cones. Learners will discover how magma forms, the nature of lava and ash, and the relationship between volcanic activity and tectonic plate boundaries. Through reviews and discussions, students will deepen their understanding of volcanic structures and their eruption styles, encouraging a greater appreciation for these powerful natural phenomena.

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Understanding Volcanic Eruptions and Types of Volcanoes

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  1. Land Form Patterns: Volcanic Mountains Unit 1: Land & Water Forms World Geography 3200/3202

  2. Course Outcomes • In this lesson you will: • 1.1.8 Explain what causes a volcano to erupt. (k) • 1.1.9 Describe the characteristics of an ash and-cinder cone, a shield cone, and acomposite cone. (k) • 1.1.10 Conclude how the location of active volcanoes is related to places where plates meet. (a)

  3. Terminology • Volcano: An opening in the Earth’s crust through which magma, gases, and ash erupt. • Magma: Molten or melted rock found below Earth’s crust. When magma cools to a solid it forms igneous rocks. • Lava: magma that flows at the Earth’s surface. • Ash : Small pieces of lava that are blasted into the air during volcanic eruptions. • Vent: The opening through which the volcanic material flows.

  4. Types of Volcanoes • Ash & Cinder Cone • Shield Cone • Composite Cone

  5. Ash & Cinder Cone • The simplest type of volcano. • Symmetrical shape, steep sides, large crater. A single vent. • Very explosive. Lava is thick and slow flowing, often blocking the vent  Boom!

  6. Shield Cone • Shape is broad and flat. • The volcano is built of lava, which nearly always flows from the vent. • Eruptions are milder / the least explosive.

  7. Composite Cone • Shape is similar to ash and cinder, except it is built of layers of ash, cinder, and lava. • A network of magma vents develop inside, forming mini-volcanoes. • Eruptions can be explosive, followed by periods of quiet activity.

  8. Volcanoes: Review • Which type of volcano is most explosive? Ash & Cinder • Which type of volcano is least explosive? Shield • Which type of volcano is explosive at times and slow flowing lava at times? Composite

  9. Volcanoes: Review • Which type of volcano has the thickest lava? Ash & Cinder • Which type of volcano has the thinnest, most liquid lava? Shield • Which type of volcano often has side vents? Composite • Which type of volcano has the gentlest slope? Shield

  10. Volcanoes: Review • Which type of volcano is steepest? Ash & Cinder • What term is given to the opening of a volcano? Crater • Liquid, fluid, melted rock below the earth's surface is known as: Magma • Liquid, fluid, melted rock that reaches the earth's surface is known as: Lava

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