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OXYGENATION

OXYGENATION. Normal respiratory functioning depends on: The ability of the airway system A properly functioning alveolar system A properly functioning cardio- vascular system External respiration Internal respiration. ANATOMY. LOBES/SEGMENTS PLEURAE UPPER RESPIRAATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS:

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OXYGENATION

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  1. OXYGENATION Normal respiratory functioning depends on: • The ability of the airway system • A properly functioning alveolar system • A properly functioning cardio- vascular system • External respiration • Internal respiration

  2. ANATOMY • LOBES/SEGMENTS • PLEURAE • UPPER RESPIRAATORY SYSTEM • FUNCTIONS: • LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • FUNCTIONS • DIFFERENCES IN PEDS • SURFACTANT • ALVEOLI • MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION

  3. PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION CON’T CONTROL OF RESPIRATION: • VENTILATION • INHALATION • EXHALATION • DIFFUSION • TRANSPORTATION CELLULAR DIFFUSION

  4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OFOXYGENATION • ALL LIVING CELLS REQUIRE OXYGEN, WHICH THE BODY CANNOT STORE • AIR PASSAGES MUST REMAIN PATENT FOR RESPIRATION TO OCCUR • MUSCLE MOVEMENTS PROVIDE THE PHYSICAL FORCE ESSENTIAL FOR RESPIRATION • THE PRESSURE CHANGES RESULTING FROM EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF THE THORACIC CAVITY PRODUCE PULMONARY EXCHANGES

  5. GENERAL PRINCIPLES CON’T • ADEQUATE FLUID INTAKE IS ESSENTIAL TO RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONING • VENTILATION DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT OF PERFUSION IN THE AREA • OXHGEN & CARBON DIOXIDE MUST MOVE THROUGH THE ALVEOLI & BE CARRIED TO & FROM BODY CELLS BY THE BLOOD • THERE MUST BE AN EXCHANGE OF 02 &C02 BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND BODY CELLS. CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT THE PASSAGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGH THE CELL WALL ADVERSELY AFFECT INTERNAL RESPIRATION

  6. FACTORS INFLUENCING RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONING • Levels of health • Development/AGE • Opioids (narcotic analgesics) • Lifestyle • Environment • Psychological health • Psychological health

  7. THE NURSE AS ROLE MODEL Will do the following: • Maintain adequate fluid intake and proper nutrition • Use deep-breathing exercises • Evaluate his or her own use of nicotine • Incorporate a plan to reduce smoking and then stop smoking on a specific target date • Reduce activity patterns i.e., (rest at home) • Create a pollution-reduced environment by avoiding use of strong perfumes, aftershaves, or other scents • Arrange to have a tuberculin test (ppd) done annually • Schedule three or four periods of exercise per week

  8. ASSESSING RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONING NURSING HISTORY • Focused assessment guide (pg. 1229) PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT • Inspection • Palpation • Percussion • Auscultation

  9. COMMON METHODS TO ASSESS RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONING • Diagnostic procedures: • Pulmonary Function studies (test) • Spirometer Table 44-2 pg.131

  10. NURSING DIAGNOSES • Group Activity: • Develop nursing diagnoses that correctly identify problems that may be treated by independent nursing interventions

  11. PLANNING • Expected Outcomes

  12. IMPLEMENTING: • Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship • Promoting proper breathing • Promoting and controlling coughing • Promoting comfort • Using nebulizers • Providing supplemental oxygen • Using artificial airways • Assisting ventilation • Clearing an obstructed airway • Administering CPR • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

  13. EVALUATING

  14. NURSING PROCESS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE • Impaired gas exchange • Ineffective breathing pattern • Ineffective airway clearance

  15. PATIENT CARE STUDY

  16. MEDICATIONS USED TO IMPROVE RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONING • TABLE 44-3 PG.1244

  17. OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS • TABLE 44-4 PG. 1248

  18. USING ARTIFICIAL AIRWAYS • OROPHARYNGEAL & NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAYS • ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE • TRACHEOSTOMY • MECHANICAL VENTILATION • CLEARING AN OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY • ADMINISTERING CPR

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