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Renaissance and Reformation in Europe

Renaissance and Reformation in Europe. 1300-1600. Europe during the Renaissance. Time of Change. By 1350, new attitudes and interests sprang up. Old ideas of humility, poverty, and asceticism were drying up.

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Renaissance and Reformation in Europe

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  1. Renaissance and Reformation in Europe 1300-1600

  2. Europe during the Renaissance

  3. Time of Change • By 1350, new attitudes and interests sprang up. • Old ideas of humility, poverty, and asceticism were drying up. • New desires for pleasure, status, and large fortunes were the desire of this era. • National monarchies had replaced the old feudal ways.

  4. What was the Renaissance? • Renaissance, French word for "rebirth" • What was reborn? • A desire to imitate the classical world of Greece & Rome. • A time of creativity and change, spirit of adventure. • Christian teachings could no long answer all their questions. • A time of intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe.

  5. What were the causes of the Renaissance? • Lessening of Feudalism. • Rise of National Monarchies. • Rise of the Middle Class. • Rise in universities. • Birth of the printing press. • Writing in the common language of the people.

  6. Renaissance Music • Music began to change and the types of instruments used. • With the rise of humanism, sacred music began for the first time. • Broke free from the confines of the Church. • Secular music thrived during this period. • Instrumental and dance music was performed in abundance.

  7. Renaissance Arts • Emphasized individual talent in painting, sculpture, architecture, literature and music. • Architecture returned to the domes and columns of ancient Greece and Rome. • Painters and sculptors turned to new techniques.

  8. Old Art vs. New Art • New art expressed individuals values & emotions. • New art focused on secular, mythological, and religious themes. • Realism. • Perspective. • Balance and Proportion. • The medieval artists (old art) often painted bland two dimensional pictures. • The Renaissance artists painted three dimensional pictures.

  9. Humanism • The spirit of the Renaissance. • A new intellectual movement that started in Italy. • Studied classical cultures & writings philosophers Greek and Romans. • Focused on secular (non-religious) themes not religious. • Concerned about business, politics and leisure time. • Loss of respect for Church and feudal lords, looked elsewhere for answers. • Appreciation for the arts as a product of mankind; not just a religious symbol.

  10. Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy? • Center of the Roman civilization. • Remains of Roman architectural and artistic fields. • Different families controlled the large and wealth city-states of Florence, Milan, and Venice. • Small independent states, centers of trade and manufacturing. • A wealthy merchant class stressed education and individual achievement. • Spent lavishly on the arts.

  11. Italy during the Renaissance

  12. Impact of Books • Ideas and discoveries of the Renaissance traveled around the world. • Printed books were cheaper and easier to produce. • Books were more readily available, more people learned to read. • Readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge and ideas.

  13. Causes of the Reformation • Church corruption. • Questioning the papal authority. • Development of personal devotions. • Church’s political influence and wealth. • Indulgences. • German and English nobility disliked Italy’s dominance of the church. • Merchants wealth. • Printing Press.

  14. Influence of the Printing Press

  15. Immediate Results • Germany • North converted to Protestantism, • Hapsburg family remained Catholic. • War between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating loss (Thirty Years’ War). • France • Edict of Nantes granted freedom of worship to Protestants. • Thirty Years’ War changed from religious to political. • England • Bloodshed ended and united the British Isles under the Anglican Church. • Rise of Reformation contributed to the growth of capitalism.

  16. Counter Results of the Reformation • Catholic Church mounted reforms to reassert its authority. • Reforms agreed to at the Council of Trent. • Society of Jesus was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. • The Jesuits. • The Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine.

  17. Long Terms Results • Changing cultural values and traditions. • Growth of • secularism. • individualism. • religious tolerance.

  18. Reformed Europe in the late 1600s

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