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Period 3 – Period 4

AP World History: The Age of Exploration. Period 3 – Period 4. Where is our next frontier?. I What was the Age of Exploration?. From the 15 - 17 th centuries, Western Europe increased its exploration of the world. This was due to

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Period 3 – Period 4

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  1. AP World History: The Age of Exploration Period 3 – Period 4 Where is our next frontier?

  2. I What was the Age of Exploration? • From the 15 - 17th centuries, Western Europe increased its exploration of the world. • This was due to 1. The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution increasing Europeans curiosity about the world 2. The Ottoman Turks blocked access to the Silk Road. Europeans needed to find an alternative route to the East for trade. 3. Newly formed European nation states competed for colonies overseas. This led to the new economic system of mercantilism. Mercantilism is an economic system where the parent nation exploits the resources of its colonies.

  3. II Improved Technology

  4. Caravel Ships

  5. III Portugal’s 1st Explorers • Portuguese and Spanish explorers made the first European voyages into unknown waters during the Age of Exploration.

  6. Portugal and Spain’s 1st Explorers Continued…

  7. Prince Henry the Navigator Statue of Prince Henry, Lisbon, Portugal The Azores

  8. Bartolomeu Dias The Cape of Good Hope

  9. Excerpt from Vasco de Gama’s Journal On the following day (November 10) fourteen or fifteen natives came to where our ship lay. The captain-major landed and showed them a variety of merchandise, with the view of finding out whether such things were to be found in their country. This merchandise included cinnamon, cloves, seed-pearls, gold, and many other things, but it was evident that they had no knowledge whatever of such articles, and they were consequently given round bells and tin rings.

  10. Portugal and Spain’s 1st Explorers Continued…

  11. Christopher Columbus SIR: Since I know that you will be pleased at the great victory with which Our Lord has crowned my voyage, I write this to you, from which you will learn how in thirty-three days I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies, with the fleet which the most illustrious King and Queen, our Sovereigns, gave to me. There I found very many islands, filled with innumerable people, and I have taken possession of them all for their Highnesses, done by proclamation and with the royal standard unfurled, and no opposition was offered to me. To the first island which I found I gave the name "San Salvador," in remembrance of the Divine Majesty… Columbus’s Letter to King Ferdinand, 1493

  12. Magellan … on the last day of March of the year 1520 at the Port of St. Julian… three of the ships rose up against the Captain-major [Magellan]… [the] treasurer of the whole fleet, and named Luis de Mendo‡a; he was killed in his own ship by stabs with a dagger by the chief constable of the fleet, who was sent to do this by Fernando de Magelhaes [i.e., Magellan] in a boat with certain men. The said three ships having thus been recovered, five days later Fernando de Magelhaes ordered Gaspar de Queixada to be decapitated and quartered; he was captain of one of the ships, and was one of those who had mutinied. – Anonymous Genoese Witness, modern history sourcebook

  13. James Cook The first well-documented evidence for the existence of a frozen southern continent came from the second expedition of Captain James Cook beginning in 1772. He did not actually see the continent but he did cross the Antarctic Circle (67° South Latitude) and saw the icebergs and frigid waters of the far southern ocean. Southpole.com

  14. Syphilis and Scurvy; Diseases You Do Not Want to Have Syphilis is a deadly STD that was spread by Natives of the New World to European explorers. Scurvyis a disease due to a lack of vitamin C. Sailors prevented it by eating limes or lemons.

  15. VI Consequences of the Age of Exploration Which are positive? Which are negative? Any “gray area”? • Europeans “discovered” the Americas • Europeans had access to new resources such as tobacco, chocolate, and potatoes • Europeans began the slave trade, taking slaves from Africa and Native populations • Europeans tried to replace Native culture and religion with Christianity • European sailors died from syphilis and scurvy. Would America exist without the Age of Exploration?

  16. Focus Questions • What factors allowed for the Age of Exploration? • What were the goals of early European explorers? • Which explorers had the greatest impact on global history? Why? • Were the consequences of the Age of Exploration more negative or positive? Why? • Which primary source do you think is most reliable? The least reliable? Explain.

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