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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. The Phoenicians and the Hebrews. When and Where?. 1200 B.C. – 510 B.C. Present day Lebanon and Israel. Ancient days: was a bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Section 1. The Phoenicians. The Phoenicians. Lived in northern Canaan ( Cannanites )

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 The Phoenicians and the Hebrews

  2. When and Where? • 1200 B.C. – 510 B.C. • Present day Lebanon and Israel

  3. Ancient days: was a bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia

  4. Section 1 The Phoenicians

  5. The Phoenicians • Lived in northern Canaan (Cannanites) • We learned about them from Bible, other ancient peoples, and ruins of cities and ships

  6. The Phoenicians • Semitic-speaking people (Semitic – languages of Southwest Asia and North Africa) • Settled in small city-states in present day Lebanon (Northern Canaan) • Canaanites: herders to traders • Why?

  7. Growth of Trade • Could not grow enough food to feed their people • Few natural resources so they turned to the sea • One resource was abundant…

  8. Trade • Mountains produced cedar forests • Built ships of cedar • Began coastal trading • By 900 B.C. they dominated Mediterranean sea trade • Some sailors were artisans who carried work with them on ships

  9. Sailors • Sailors and explorers plotted course using sun and stars – no maps or modern technology • Sailed beyond Gibraltar • Some believe they sailed around west coast of Africa • Some believe they sailed across Atlantic

  10. Phoenician City-States • Independent city-states • Never united • Why?

  11. Mountains separated them!

  12. Zahle

  13. Jounieh

  14. Major City-States • Tyre • Byblos • Beirut • Sidon

  15. Byblos

  16. Byblos

  17. Byblos

  18. Byblos

  19. Byblos

  20. Beirut

  21. Beirut

  22. Beirut

  23. Beirut

  24. Beirut

  25. Sidon

  26. Sidon

  27. Sidon

  28. Tyre

  29. Tyre

  30. Tyre

  31. Tyre

  32. City-States • Shared common language and religion but quarreled (trade profit) • Ruled by king who was also priest • Rich merchants forced kings to share power with councils of merchants • Councils soon told kings what to do

  33. City-States • Surrounded by walls • Crowded • Buildings close together; made of stone or brick (roof gardens) • Port – outside walls; center of activity

  34. Phoenicians became… • Carpenters and cabinet makers (wood) • Metal workers (learned from Egypt & Mesopotamia)

  35. Cities became… • Cloth dying centers • Soon gained a monopoly on purple dye and cloth • Purple dye • ”Phoenician” = “of purple merchants”

  36. Legend • God named Melqart was walking along seashore with Tyrus and a dog • dog picked up shellfish called Murex • dog’s mouth turned purple • Tyrusrefused marriage unless Melqartgave her a gown of purple

  37. Gods and Goddesses • Polytheistic • Nature: worshipped on hills and under trees at first • Later built temples

  38. Temples • Entrance hall • Main hall • Holy of holies (most sacred chamber)

  39. Afterlife • Believed in afterlife • At first – buried in urn (ornamental vases) • Later – embalmed (influenced by Egyptians)

  40. Phoenicians learned to make agreements (business): • Treaties: agreements between states or countries • Made treaties agreeing to ship others’ goods in exchange for guaranteed Phoenician independence

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