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PROTEINS

PROTEINS. Chapter 7. Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group. Building Blocks of Proteins?. R O NH2 C C OH H. Examples of Amino Acids. Essential versus Non-essential. Limiting Amino Acid. CCCCC

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PROTEINS

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  1. PROTEINS Chapter 7

  2. Amine group Carboxylic Acid group R group Building Blocks of Proteins? R O NH2 C C OH H

  3. Examples of Amino Acids

  4. Essential versus Non-essential

  5. Limiting Amino Acid CCCCC AAAAAAAA CAR CAR CAR RRRRRR CAR CAR R A A A C is the limiting amino acid in this example

  6. Limiting Amino Acids

  7. Complementary Protein Food 1 Food 2 CC CCCC AAAA AA CAR CAR CAR RRR RRR CAR CAR CAR

  8. Dietary Aspects • PKU = Phenylketonuria • Vegetarian Diets

  9. Protein Synthesis • Step 1: • Transcription • Step 2: • Processing • Step 3: • Translation

  10. Transcription • Formation of RNA from DNA template A C T G A T U G A C U A DNA= RNA= CODON#1 CODON #2

  11. Condensation Synthesis • Peptide bond • Dipeptide • Tripeptide • Oligopeptide • Polypeptide

  12. Levels of Protein Structure

  13. Sickle Cell Anemia

  14. Denaturation of Protein

  15. Turnover and Metabolism

  16. Protein Digestion

  17. Absorption of Amino Acids

  18. Functions of Proteins • Supplies nitrogen in a useable form • Structural components • Blood clotting • Maintain fluid and acid/base balance • Immune function

  19. Functions of Proteins • Hormones and enzymes • Insulin and Thyroxine • Pepsin, Trypsin • Visual processes • Formation of glucose (Gluconeogenesis) • Energy Source (4 kcal/energy)

  20. RDA for Protein • Promotes equilibrium • 0.8 gm of protein / kg of healthy body weight 154 lb. = 70 kg 2.2 kg/lb. 70 kg x 0.8 g protein = 56 g protein kg healthy body wt

  21. Proteins in Foods

  22. Proteins in Foods • Americans tend to eat more animal protein than plant protein (70%) • There are many benefits to eating more plant proteins:

  23. Plant Protein • No cholesterol • Low in saturated fat • High in (soluble) dietary fiber and phytochemicals HOWEVER: • Somewhat less efficient (than animal protein) • Lacking in one or more essential amino acid

  24. Protein-Energy Malnutrition • Types of PEM: • Kwashiorkor • Marasmus • Causes: • Famine • Anorexia • Intestinal disorders

  25. Kwashiorkor • Low protein density diet • Energy needs are marginally met • Subcutaneous fat is present • Poor growth, edema, weakness, apathy, diarrhea, listlessness

  26. Marasmus • Starving to death • “skin and bones” appearance • Insufficient protein, energy, nutrients • Little or no subcutaneous fat • Reduce brain growth

  27. Nutrition Perspective • Vegan - primarily eats only plant foods • Fruitarian - primarily eats fruits, honey, and vegetable oils • Lactovegetarian - consumes plant products and dairy products • Lactoovovegetarian - consumes plant products, dairy products, and eggs

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