CHAPTER TWO

1. CHAPTER TWO A MODEL OF SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION

3. Phases and Stages in the Processof Group Development Nanotech Investment Targets Chapter 2

4. “Research strongly suggests that one of the defining and distinguishing characteristics of a long term marriage is the ability to engage in collaboration and the ability to engage in joint problem-solving. The same is true when working in teams.” Dr. Kasch Listen to…. i Chris Kasch

5. "There is a world of difference between making a decision alone and making a group decision. The unique chemistry of social interaction can distill the best that each member has to offer, creating a resonance of ideas and a synthesis of viewpoints. A different chemistry can stop the reaction and contaminate the product. The catalyst for such social chemistry is communication. It is the medium for the coordination and control of group activities, member socialization, group integration, and conflict management among other functions."Randy Y. Hirokawa

6. In order to enhance the chances of effective teamwork when working in a project team it is useful to understand the stages in the problem solving process, the goals at each stage of the process and the rules and strategies which can enhance problem solving effectiveness

7. What are the four general stages of group life? • Formation • Organization • Activation • Termination Randy Hirakawa

8. What is Formation? • The period of time it takes for a collection of individuals to develop perceptual boundaries and awareness of their unity. Randy Hirokawa

9. What are the major tensions at the formation stage? • I want to work with others, but I want to do things my way • I want to fit in, but I don't want to give up my individuality • I want the rewards of being in the group, but I don't want to incur the costs Randy Hirokawa, Ph.D. University of Iowa

10. What is Organization? The period of time it takes for a group to determine what their purpose (s), goal (s), and/or task (s) are; and develop norms, roles, structure, and procedures for accomplishing their purpose(s), goal(s), and/or task(s). Randy Hirokawa,Ph.D. University of Iowa

11. What are the major tensions at the organization stage? • want the group to do well, but I don't want to put in too much effort • Long-term goals are important, but short-term goals are important too • It is important to be realistic, but idealism provides us with standards of excellence Randy Hirokawa, Ph.D. University of Iowa

12. What is Activation? The period of time it takes for a group to accomplish its purpose(s), achieve its goal(s), and/or perform its task(s).

13. What are the major tension at the activation stage? • It is important to divide the work equally, but it is also important to assign work on the basis of ability and competence • It is important to conform to established ways of doing things, but it is also important to be creative • It is important to keep everyone happy in the group, but it is also important to do what has to be done for the group to be successful

14. What are the major tension at the activation stage? • It is important for members to have the freedom to disagree, but too much conflict is detrimental Randy Hirokawa,Ph.D. • It is important for a group to be cohesive, but too much cohesiveness can work against us University of Iowa

15. What is Termination? • The period of time it takes for members to either redefine their purpose(s), goal(s), or task(s); or sever their relationships and revert back to a collection of individuals. Randy Hirokawa, Ph.D. Dean, School of Communication University of Hawaii

16. What are the major tensions at the termination stage? • I want to leave, but I also want to stay • I am happy with what I contributed to the group, but I wish I could have done more • I want to say goodbye, but I don't want to say goodbye

17. What are the major tensions at the termination stage? • I want to tell people why I'm leaving, but I don't want to create any hard feelings • I want to look to the future, but I also want to remember my time in the group   Randy Hirokawa, Ph.D. University of Iowa

18. Fisher’s Stages of Group Development Orientation Conflict Consensus Reinforcement

19. Do all groups proceed through these phases or stages in an invariant sequence?

21. ORIENTATION ORIENTATION

22. What are the primary task and relational goals at the orientation stage of the problem-solving process?

23. What are the primary relational goals at the orientation stage? Initiate Relationships Buffer Primary Tension (Communication Apprehension)

24. Why are building relationships important when working in teams?

25. What is primary tension?

26. Do people experience primary tension or communication apprehension on a first date?

27. “Everyone feels awkward or withdrawn during the first moments of a meeting, especially if the first meeting of a newly formed work group.” Cragan, Wright, & Kasch Communication in Small Groups

28. What are the primary task goals at the orientation stage of the problem-solving process?

29. What are the primary task goals at the orientation stage or the problem-solving process? • Reduce Uncertainty • Clarity of Meeting or Project Agenda

30. “After all, a social system does not yet exist, and members do not know what to expect or what is expected of them.” B. Aubrey Fisher Small Group Decision Making

31. WHO--WHAT--WHEN--WHERE--WHY--HOW QUESTION

32. What strategies can facilitate the attainment of relationship goals during orientation? orientation relational goals

33. What strategies can be used to buffer primary tension and initiate relationships? • Buffer primary tension hrough the use of humor

34. What strategies can be used to buffer primary tension and initiate relationships? • Buffer primary tension through the use of humor • Search for common ground

35. What strategies can be used to buffer primary tension and initiate relationships? • Buffer primary tension through the use of humor • Search for common ground • Engage in moderate self disclosure

36. What is Self-Disclosure?

37. Communication is Reciprocal“If You Want it, you must give it away.” “Disclose when disclosed to.”

38. “Disclose something about yourself personally. People want to know who you are as a person, not just as a trainer or instructor. So share personal incidents that reveal some aspects of your self, personality, your trainer style, and/or your family life.” Julius E. Eitington The Winning Trainer

39. What strategies can facilitate the attainment of task goals during orientation? orientation task goals

40. What strategies can facilitate the attainment of task goals during orientation? • Take risks to foster orientation

41. “Nobody likes to appear foolish or ignorant, especially in the early stages of groups formation; however, successful problem-solving discussions occur more frequently when the group is willing to take communication risks.” Cragan, Wright, & Kasch Communication in Small Group

42. What rules and strategies can facilitate the attainment of task goals during orientation? • Take risks to foster orientation • Seek information and opinions

43. What rules and strategies can facilitate the attainment of task goals during orientation? • Take risks to foster orientation • Seek information and opinions • Ask questions

44. “Questioning provides a vehicle for the full exploration of necessary information and opinions regarding the discussion topic at hand… When in doubt in what to do in a group, ask a question.” Cragan, Kasch, & Wright Communication in Small Groups

45. What could it mean when no one is asking questions?

46. QUESTION WHO--WHAT--WHEN--WHERE--WHY--HOW

47. What are the four stages if the process of group problem solving? Orientation Conflict

49. Conflict

50. What are the defining characteristics of the conflict stage? Ideational conflict