Cells!

1. Cells!

2. Cell Theory • Is one of the major foundations of biology • Has 3 main components and 2 exceptions • all living things are made of cells • All cells are a structure to carry out functions to support life – energy flow occurs between cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • The first cell did not come from a pre-existing cell • Viruses do not contain a cell structure, so they are not living

3. Timeline of Cells • 1595 – Zacharias Janssen invented the compound microscope • 1663 – Rober Hooke discovered the first cell • 1674 – Anton van Leewenhoek saw the first live cell under a microscope • 1809 – Charles-Francois Brisseau de Mirbel discovered that plant cells were surrounded by a continuous membrane • 1837/1838 – Thedor Schwann and Matthias JakobSchieden suggested all living things are made of cells and cell products • 1855 – Rudolph Virchow stated all living cells come from other living cells

4. Plant and Animal Cells • Mitochondria • Nucleus • Golgi apparatus • Cell membrane • Ribosomes • EndoplasmicReticulum • Cytoplasm

5. Cytoplasm • Vacuole • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Chloroplast • Nucleus • Mitochondria • EndoplasmicReticulum • Ribosome • Golgi apparatus

6. Organelle Wanted Poster • You are an RCMP officer, your job is to gather all of the information you can about a WANTED organelle. At the end of this “cyber” trail, you will need to whip up a WANTED poster to show to the other officers in your camp. Think Canada’s Most Wanted – Wild West Style! Everyone will then be on the lookout for your WANTED organelle too!

7. Organelle Wanted Poster • Choose any 2 of the 10 organelles we have discussed in class (refer to cell page) • Using the laptop, look for the following information: • Crime: what has the organelle done? In other words, what does it do for the cell? • Physical Description: what does the organelle look like? Include picture and words. • Location: where should we look for the organelle? What type of cell is it found in? Where in the cell is it located?

8. Part 3: Trail Sites • You will need to follow the “cyber” trails to find information about your wanted organelle. You do not need to visit each website. However, each website will offer information to help you gather your facts! • The Encyclopedia Britannica Online - http://www.school.eb.com/comptons/article-9273572 • This encyclopedia article is designed for middle school students and describes many aspects of the cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on the left side of the page. This site may only be available to you at school. • Biology4Kids.com – http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html • Learn all about a cell's structure and the functions of its organelles on this website. They also discuss the difference between a plant and animal cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on the right side of the page. • Cells Alive! – http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm • Check out pictures of cells, bacteria, and parts of cells. Discover how organelles help the cells function. There is an interactive picture of the cell. You can highlight organelles to learn more about them. In addition, there is a description of each organelle available. • Inside a Cell - http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/index.html • This site shows great graphics of the plant and animal cells. Also, you can click on any organelle and get more detailed color images of the cell parts and descriptions of their functions. • Cellular Biology - http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html • This site shows great scientific drawings of the organelle’s structure.

10. Processes within Cells • Photosynthesis • Occurs within plant cells • Use energy from sun to change carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen • Sunlight + water + carbon dioxide = sugar (food) + oxygen • Cell Respiration • Occurs within animals cells • Change sugar (food) and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy • Sugar + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

11. Processes within Cells • Diffusion • The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration (a lot) to an area of low concentration (a little)

12. Processes within Cells • Osmosis • Is the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration

13. Photosynthesis • Plant’s roots take in water from the soil • Light energy is absorbed through the leaves • Chlorophyll in the leaves uses this energy to break apart the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water • Openings in the leaves, called stomata, allow carbon dioxide to enter from the air • The hydrogen from the water combines with the carbon dioxide to form a sugar called glucose • The remaining oxygen, which we breathe, is released through the openings in the leaves into the air

14. Photosynthesis

15. Osmosis Potato Lab • After completing the experiment, how good was your hypothesis? • How might it be possible for 2 groups to perform the same experiment yet collect/see different results? • After observing what happened to the potatoes, why would irrigation of plants with sea water be harmful? • Predict why potatoes grown in mineral rich soil are better tasting than those grown in water. • What would you change to improve your procedure? How would these changes give more accurate results?

16. Unicellular Organisms • Need: Red Grade 8 Textbook • Page 42 – 45 • Questions 1-6