Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment

1. Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment 1450-1750 Danny Foussard Mason White Kinnery Patel DF

2. Key Terms/Map DF

3. Humanism What? A term applied to the intellectual movement initiated in Western Europe in the 14th century by such men as Petrarch and Boccaccio and deriving from the rediscovery and study of classical, particularly Latin, literary texts. Humans have the ability to take control of their own lives. So What? The examination of classical civilization formed the inspiration for the renaissance. DF

4. Reformation What? A movement in the 16th century in Western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. Formed to combat the growing dislike towards the church. So What? Began the shift to secularism. DF

5. Philosophes What? literally the French word for “Philosopher”, these intellectuals were the supporters of the enlightenment. Ranging from writers to scientists, emphasizing the use of human reason over organized religion. Many were also critical of monarchal rule. So What? Their ideas of basic human rights led to both the French and American Revolutions. DF

6. Social Contract What? Not a literal contract, the “Social Contract” idea is the view that people’s moral or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement between them to form society. Was referenced and defended by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. So What? This idea that society needs a set of guidelines was the guiding light for the American constitution. DF

7. Key Leaders MW

8. Thomas Hobbes • Thought of the “state of nature” in which people lived without any rules, but the people rejected it so they could live in order. • They exchanged individual rights for political/social order in a contract known as the “social contract” (Pg. 524) MW

9. John Locke • Lock agrees with Thomas Hobbes in that the government only rules as long as the people agree • Nobody is above the constitution • Agrees with the “state of nature”, and thinks that people have a right to return to it if they would like to (pg. 524) MW

10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • His philosophies also revolved around the “state of nature”, but unlike others he thought returning to the state of nature would be a good thing • Proposed a Radical democracy (pg. 535) MW

11. Mary Wollstonecraft • She wrote “A vindication of the rights of Women” • Did not believe that women actually were inferior to men and questioned what Jean-Jacques Rousseau had to say. • She thought that women deserved just as good an education as men, and that their education should not just be on how to be a good wife MW

12. Essential Questions KP

13. What were the Main ideas of the Renaissance? • The key point of the renaissance was humanism which was the belief of the importance of the individual. KP

14. What were the effects of the Renaissance? The arts and music and culture grew a lot. Also it started the protestant reformation and broke away from the church and catholic belief. KP

15. What were the main ideas of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes? Hobbes justifies the huge power of the King over the citizens but thought the kings power should be limited. Locke was a believer in democratic ideals. KP

16. How did the Enlightenment effect the world? The Enlightenment spread the democratic ideas of the philosophes. Also the enlightenment lead to French revolution then the enlightenment ideas were spread to a greater region by Napoleon. KP

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