Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment

1. Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment By Nick Volpi

2. The Renaissance • Humanism the was main philosophy of renaissance—humanism held to a strong belief to God but didn’t emphasize that he had such a big role in life, it said that God gives mankind the power to shape it’s own destiny • Through the renaissance emerged many new artistic styles that emphasized religious themes • People: Massaccio painted Trinity with the Virgin which according to Spodek shows the revolution of geometric perspective in painting

3. Renaissance cont and Italian Renaissance • The most renown renaissance • In Italy artists and intellectuals tried to blend Christian tradition with Greco-Roman tradition • There were many developments in technology such as sailing technology • The cannon was invented which completely changed the nature of warfare

4. The Reformation • Martin Luther; criticized Catholic church by saying that it had too much power over an individual’s conscience. Wrote 95 theses which was about the importance of faith and grace. Was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. So Martin Luther and Johannes Gutenberg rebel from the Catholic church and spread their new message through new German translations of the Bible. • John Calvin in England also spoke of the same kind of reform as Martin Luther • King Henry VIII in England also broke away from the church stating that there needed to be necessary reforms • The reforms paved the way for Protestantism

5. Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) • Catholics after what happened with Protestant Reforms decided to intensify efforts at internal reform to be able to keep a steady amount of followers • Catholics wanted universal vision of the world, while instead Protestants wanted separate national states

6. Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment • Philosophical rationales • Thomas Hobbes was one of England’s leading political philosophers and justified existing power of the King over the citizens. Wrote “State of Nature” which stated that a social contract had created a monarchy in order to serve the people. • John Locke stressed the importance of common consent in social contract. He said that for the contract to keep working, consent had to continue. The people have the right to terminate it. For Locke, government was for property owners.

7. Philosophesand Enlightenment in 18th Century • Philosophes were a group of 18th century French writers and philosophers that emphasized supremacy of human reason and lobbied for freedom of expression. They also argued for social, economic and political reform • Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rosseau and Diderot who called for social and political revolution

8. Thanks • Thank you for viewing