1. Appendicular Skeleton Bones of pectoral girdle & pelvic girdle Bones of the upper & lower limbs Differences between male & female pelvises

2. Pelvic girdle – where arms attach to axial skeleton

3. Figure 5.10

4. Features of pectoral girdle • Clavicles articulate medially with manubrium • Acromium process articulates with clavicle • Glenoid cavity articulates with humerus • Coracoid process = attachment for arm & chest muscles

6. Pelvic Girdle – where the legs attach to axial skeleton • oscoxae of pelvic girdle formed by fusion of the • ilium, • ischium, and • pubis. • The pelvic girdle consists of two ossacoxae (ossa, bone + coxa, hip;singular). • At birth, these bones are separated by hyaline cartilage & fusion is usually complete by age 25 • Acetabulum is where the 3 bones meet femur

8. Sex differences • Female iliac bones more flared • Female ishial spines shorter • Female inlet larger, more circular • Female sacrum less curved • Female pubic arch is rounder • Female pelvis is shallower and lighter

11. Figure 5.11