World War Two

1. World War Two The Greatest War in History

2. Totalitarian Regimes • By 1939, only 2 major European countries remained democracies. • “Total States” expected active loyalty; used massive propaganda • Single leader, single party

3. Italy After the Great War • The Great War=nationalism • Betrayed by their • Benito Mussolini and Fascist party • 2 core principles: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc

4. Rise to Power • Economic and Social unrest • The government was powerless to stop it. • Anarchists, socialists, and communists all • Average capitalist Italians grew • Blackshirts

5. Mussolini in Charge • The answer to the country’s troubles both foreign and domestic  • March on Rome • Prime Minister • Fascists won the majority of • Duce in 1925. • Dictator • The King

6. Italy/Mussolini and Germany/Hitler • Having been in power longer, Mussolini looked down on Hitler, but there was no denying Germany’s power. • There ideologies crossed over, but Mussolini was unwilling to commit to Nazi racism. • However, Italy wanted territories • France and Britain • Italy did not join WWII • Southeastern France

7. Italian Fascism in Action • Imperial Rome • Youth groups • Fascism and the hero-worship • Expansion • Not especially racist but more based on loyalty to Italian Fascism.

8. Post-War Germany • Germany after WWI was a conflicted nation: • The economic conditions led to an increase in Communist activity which • The Weimar Republic

9. The Nazis • The Nationalist Socialists German Workers Party • It was based on stressing the failure of ________, failure of laissez-faire __________, "racial purity of the German people" and persecuted those it perceived either as __________ or LebensunwertesLeben, that is__________ • Adolf Hitler • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhVM0HmGado&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT8nlHJnQXc&feature=PlayList&p=477DC1CDBD97A6E0&index=1

10. Stabbed in the Back

11. Rise to Power • Beer Hall Putsch • Munich • Mein Kampf (My Struggle). • Legitimized the party and began to contest elections into the Reichstag. • He still ruled the party as a dictator insisting that democracy was weak. • The Nazis gained popularity as they • They began a propaganda attack on the • Conspiracy Theory

12. Mein Kampf • Extreme nationalism • Virulent anti-Semitism • Anti-communism • Social Darwinism • Lebensraum • Superior individuals right to rule • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGNyc_LlJhs&feature=related

13. Dictator • Paramilitary organization/bodyguard: • Intimidation • Reichstag, Chancellor • In 1933 President Ludendorff • Fuhrer of Germany • He outlawed all other political parties (which had been losing popularity anyways and had been discredited).

14. Nazi Germany • Convincing most Germans he was their savior from • 1.___________, 2.___________, 3. __________, 4.___________, 5._________ • Gleichschaltung • All social organizations • The Nazis began removing • Re-industrialization and re-arming • Treaty of Versailles. • The German economy boomed and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles in 1935 and stated the goal of rebuilding the German Empire

16. Allies at Odds Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States

17. Great Britain • Great Britain emerged exhausted from the Great War. • Great Depression • Did not have resources to keep • The British people saw __________________against Germany as revenge-minded and petty. • Public opinion began to swing away

19. Diplomacy Before the War • Desperate to avoid another war that might • Diplomatic Arrangements • They tried wooing Italy to their side by giving them free reign in Africa. • They allowed Germany to • They (along with France) allowed Germany to annex

20. France • France became embittered over • Tensions rose between Germany and France. • France was also exhausted after the Great War and with a declining __________ was increasingly worried over a resurgent Germany. • While not wanting Germany to get stronger, France was to • Maginot Line.

21. The Soviet Union • Bolsheviks gained total • Soviet Union. • collectivization and industrialization • Private farms were • Forced Famines • Massive industrialization increased

22. Josef Stalin • Became leader of Soviet Union after 1924, with Lenin’s death. • A sociopathic man who was obsessed with power • Great Purge of ________ and _________ • Counter-Revolutionary • His forced famines and Purges • Gulags • Greatest mass murderer in history. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMB1drfGhZw • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=80078F2B-3ED7-40DB-92DD-D27D9869878B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

23. Soviet Union Power • Increased size of empire, but coveted ______ in Europe and ________ in Asia. • Despite the fact that Hitler hated Communism and declared the Nazis to be against it, and that Stalin mistrusted and hated Hitler, the reality of the situation was • 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

24. The United States • Isolationism • League of Nations • The Great Depression • The United States refused to get involved in European entanglements and did not build up its army in the late 1930’s. • It did however keep a relatively modern navy with new aircraft carriers. • New President Franklin D. Roosevelt was an Anglo-phile

25. The War in Asia: The Pacific Theatre Imperial Japan and Nationalist China

26. Imperial Japan • Japan’s modernization had continued and its navy and army were formidable. • The Great Depression undermined ___________and allowed _______________________ • Bushido culture of Japan and glorified • Japan’s population continued to boom

27. Japanese Expansion • Japan needed to secure natural resources and increase living space and looked to • 1936 the Japanese and Germans sign the Anti-Comintern Pact • Conquest of Manchuria and many Pacific Islands • Navy of Aircraft Carriers, breaks naval treaty with Britain • 1934 Amo Doctrine:

29. Nationalist China • In 1927, General Chiang Kai-shek • National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (Nationalist) • Manchuria • 1931 Manchukuo with the last Qing Emperor at its head. • Chiang did not care • Chinese Communist Party

30. To War in the East • 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria • Assassination of opponents within Japanese gov’t. • US unwilling to go to war over China. • The Rape of Nanking • Chiang Kai-Shek appeases Japanese. • Open war breaks out in 1937. • Japanese successful.

31. Japanese Invasion • The 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident • The Japanese were able to gain control of vast swathes of China mostly on the coast. • The Kuomintang and Communists • Interior • Civil War • Chiang’s forces soon became well known • They also often pillaged areas they occupied, stealing from and attacking their own civilians.

32. Japanase Strategy • Move south to resource rich oil, rubber, tin islands. • The US threatened embargo of materials. • Strategic dilemma: short term or long term.

33. To War • Hitler desired lebensraum to the east. • 1935: • 1936: • France wanted • Britain too weak

34. Take Over of Austria and Czechoslovakia • Austrian Nazis put in charge. • Invite Germans in to • 1938: • What could Britain and France do? • Sudetenland • Munich Conference: • Hitler says he is appeased. • Chamberlain says he

35. Anschluss

36. Hitler Goes On • Events had shown Hitler that the democracies were weak. • 1939: • Slovakia seceded, • Danzig

37. End of Apeasement • Britain offers to help • France and Britain begin courting Soviet Union. • Hitler does so first with Non-Aggression Pact of 1939 • Sept 1, 1939. • Two days later, Britain and France declare war.

38. 1939 • Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and Soviet Union • Germany invades Poland, Britain and France declare war • Winter of 1939-1940: “Phony” War

39. 1940 • Germany invades France • Vichy France • Blitzkrieg • Dunkirk

40. Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe • RAF • Radar • Civilian bombing=more resolve • Over by September

41. Invasion of the Soviet Union • Hitler’s view of Britain • Operation Barbarossa • Massive advance • Scorched Earth • Freezing Winter

42. The Nazi Empire • 3 Forms of Control • Annexation • Direct Administration (Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands) • Indirect control with collaborators (Vichy) • Foreign Labor to Germany: %20 of Labor force; POWs and “volunteers”

43. Aryan Empire • Inferior Slavs • Himmler, leader of the SS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_XS3Xra0Xs&feature=related • Western Poland • Southern Poland • Social Engineering • Poles, Ukrainians, Russians=slave labor for Germans

44. The Holocaust • Racial purity • Jewish Emigration • War beginsmore drastic measures • Final Solution • Einsatzgruppen=SS death squads, round up Jews in army’s wake and execute: inefficient

45. The Pacific War • Pearl Harbor • East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere • The Philippines • Singapore • Australia • Coral Sea

46. Germany First • Hitler’s declaration of war on US • Allies political differences aside • Democracy • Empire • Communism • Unconditional surrender

47. Turning Points • Midway • 4 Japanese Carriers destroyed • Stalingrad • Encirclement • Entire German 6th Army captured (300,000)

48. The Death Camps • Jews from Nazi Empire sent to Polish death camps. • Some kept for labor • Most into gas chamber then crematorium. • Hair, teeth, fillings collected • Medical experiments

49. The Horror • Even when losing the war, SS had priority over transport to continue the “Final Solution” instead of defending the border from Allies • 6 million killed, 2 out of 3 European Jews

50. Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere • “Asia for Asians” • Resources for the Japanese war machine • Worse then previous colonial empires • Vietnamese famine=1 million dead • Similar racial beliefs as Germans