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Warm Up:

Warm Up:. Find 2 examples of each of the 5 themes of AP World History in chapters 1-14 of your textbooks. Write these in your own words so you can explain them to your classmates. The Five Themes of AP World History: Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment

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Warm Up:

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  1. Warm Up: Find 2 examples of each of the 5 themes of AP World History in chapters 1-14 of your textbooks. Write these in your own words so you can explain them to your classmates The Five Themes of AP World History: Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures

  2. Work with a partner and compare your examples (5minutes)

  3. Chapter 15 The Maritime Revolution, to 1550

  4. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 • The Pacific Ocean • Polynesian Sailors • Sailed across the Pacific and spread Polynesian culture - Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii, New Zealand, Easter Island • Made journeys of over 2,000 nautical miles

  5. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 2. Polynesian Technology • Outrigger canoes • Combination of oars and sails • Fast • Stable in rough waters • Lacked navigational equipment • written language

  6. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 3. Polynesian Motives • Expand political power • Relive population pressure due to limited resources

  7. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 B. The Indian Ocean 1. Chinese Exploration • Ming traders wanted to establish direct contact with people around Indian Ocean Motives - Increase trade - Project power - Curiosity • Sent out 7 imperial fleets between 1405-1433

  8. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 2. Chinese Maritime Technology • Imperial fleets led by Admiral Zheng He • Fleet consisted of 62 “treasure ships” - 300 ft long by 150 ft wide - Nine mast, twelve sails • Capacity of 3,000 tons • Hundreds of smaller ships • 27,000 people including infantry and Calvary

  9. Treasure Ship

  10. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 3. Impacts of Chinese Explorations • Stimulated trade between China and Indian Ocean peoples • Ming officials opposed high cost of voyages, as well as increased contact with “barbarians” • China’s withdrawal left a power vacuum in the Indian Ocean

  11. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 C. The Atlantic Ocean • The Vikings • Permanently settled islands of the North Atlantic • Iceland and Greenland • Leif Ericsson established a small & short lived Viking settlement in Newfoundland, called Vinland in 1000 - Abandoned in 1200

  12. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 2. Viking technology • Longships - Combination of oars and sails • Capable of sailing on open seas and rivers • fast • No compass, were able to use stars to plot their course • “sunstones”

  13. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450 3. Viking Motives • Limited resources • Population pressure • Expansion of political power

  14. Voyages of the Vikings

  15. Compare The maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of the following groups: Polynesians Chinese Vikings

  16. Warm Up: Work with a partner to develop a thesis to answer the prompt: Compare the maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of the following groups: Polynesians Chinese Vikings Remember: The thesis must directly address the question, a simple restatement will NOT suffice

  17. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 • Motives • Four Trends • Revival of urban life and trade • European “alliance” between merchants and rulers • Islamic domination of the Mediterranean • Curiosity about the outside world

  18. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 2. Iberian Kingdoms • Spain and Portugal • Centuries of warfare with Muslim kingdoms • “Reconquesta” • Spain unified in 1462 • Last Muslim kingdom of Grenada conquered in 1492

  19. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 B. Portuguese Voyages • Anti-Muslim warfare • Portugal attacked Muslim Morocco in 1415 - Religious crusade, plundering expedition, military tournament • Portuguese became aware of African gold and slave trade • Sought direct contact with African gold producers

  20. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 2. Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) • Promoted exploration • Founded a school to study navigation - Collection of geographic information • Improved navigational equipment - Magnetic compass - Astrolabe • Improved ship design - caravel

  21. Caravel • Small in size • Able to enter shallow coastal water • Explore upriver • Triangular lateen sail - Could sail upwind - Maneuverable - Fast • Cannons

  22. Warm Up: Use your textbook (pg 419-422) to answer the following questions: • Where did Portuguese sailors explore? • What contributions to the Maritime revolution did Portuguese explorers make? • How did the Portuguese pay for these voyages?

  23. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 C. Spanish Voyages • Christopher Columbus • Italian mariner • Goal was to find a shorter route to Asia • sail west to avoid long southern route around Africa • Portuguese rejected plan • King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain agreed to finance the journey in 1492 • Landed in the Caribbean in 1492 • Believed he was in East Indies

  24. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 2. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Spain and Portugal disputed claims to the “New World” • The Pope divided unclaimed land between them

  25. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 • Who was consulted? • Who was not consulted? • Who might resent this treaty?

  26. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 3. Ferdinand Magellan • Led first successful expedition around the globe (1519-1524) - died during the journey in the Philippines

  27. II. European Expansion 1400-1500 4. Effects of Exploration • Basis for large colonial empires in the Americas • Growth of new trade network • Columbian Exchange- exchange of plants, animals, ideas and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

  28. Count of by 3’s

  29. Use your textbooks (pgs 425-431) to describe European encounters with: • Western Africa, • Eastern Africa • the Indian Ocean States • Find at least one example of three of the Five themes of AP World History The Five Themes of AP World History: Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures

  30. Warm Up: Describe the relationship between the Portuguese and the people of Africa and India?

  31. Read Kongo’s Christian King pages 428-429 Answer Questions 1-4

  32. Read “Columbus”

  33. III. Encounters with Europe A. The Americas • Spanish Advantages • Guns • Germs - European viruses killed large numbers of native Americans - Weakening their ability to resist • Steel

  34. II. Encounters with Europe • Conquistadors • After Columbus, the Spanish wanted to continue their exploration of the new world • Goals of “gold, god and conquest” • Expeditions included explorers, soldiers, and priests

  35. II. Encounters with Europe 3. Hernan Cortes • Landed in Mexico with 600 soldiers • The Aztec emperor, Montezuma II initially welcomed the Cortes • who they believed was a God • Cortes and his men were able to conquer the Aztec Empire

  36. II. Encounters with Europe 4. Francisco Pizarro • 180 men, 37 horses and 2 cannon • Pizarro and men were able to conquer the Incan Empire

  37. II. Encounters with Europe 5. Results of Spanish Conquest • Spain established massive empires in the Americas • Huge amounts of gold and silver flow from the Americas to Europe • Indigenous cultures in the Americas declined • Native American deaths as a result of disease, fighting and enslavement

  38. Read “Bartolome De Las Casas”

  39. Conquistador DBQ

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